Radiation therapy for tumor is to use various kinds of radiation, such as photon type X-rays, r-rays and particle type electron beam, neutron beam, etc. to inhibit or kill tumor cells. Pre-radiotherapy education Pay attention to strengthen nutrition, enhance physical fitness and quit smoking and alcohol,; clean teeth before head and neck radiotherapy,, use fluorine toothpaste. Tooth decay should be removed first, and radiation therapy should be given only after 7-10 days of wound healing. During radiotherapy, we should pay attention to the following: 1. Follow the doctor’s order to carry out radiotherapy on time, do not increase or decrease the number of times and dose of radiation at will. 2. 2. Do not bring in metal objects such as metal tracheal cannulae (switch to plastic or silicone tracheal cannulae), cell phones, watches, pens, etc. Patients with metal prostheses need to remove them first for proper storage. 3.After placing the body position as required before irradiation, you cannot move and keep it until the end of irradiation. 4.Hematopoietic tissues are sensitive to radiation, therefore, blood picture should be checked once a week during radiotherapy, among which white blood cells and platelets tend to be affected greatly, and if they are reduced to below normal level, doctors and nurses will take appropriate measures. 5.There are a lot of tumor metabolites in patients’ body during radiotherapy, so they should drink more water, 2500-3000ml per day, and observe the amount of urine, so that the metabolites can be eliminated from the body as soon as possible. 6.During radiotherapy, resistance decreases, so try to prevent cold. 7.Atrophy, thinning of the skin in the radiotherapy area, soft tissue fibrosis and capillary dilatation can lead to skin reactions of radiation. Avoid mechanical or physical stimulation of the skin in the irradiated area, such as not wearing chemical fiber clothes, using cotton soft underwear to avoid hot and cold stimulation, such as hot compresses, cold compresses, etc. Do not scrub with soap; avoid sticking adhesive tape or applying irritating and heavy metal drugs. (2) It is very important to draw lines in the irradiated field, do not erase them during treatment, if you find any fading, tell the doctor to redraw them, do not trace them yourself to avoid unexpected injuries. (3) After a certain number of radiotherapy irradiation, the skin will have a burning, dry, itchy feeling, then do not scratch, pay attention to shaving with an electric razor to prevent damage to the skin caused by infection. (4) Avoid direct sunlight, when you go out, you can play umbrella, clothes should not be wrapped tightly, should try to open heat. All parts of the body that are moist and impermeable to the wind, the skin reaction caused by radiotherapy is more serious, such as the axilla and groin, etc. During radiotherapy, attention should be paid to keep dry and pay attention to ventilation. 8.During radiotherapy, you should supply a diet rich in calories, proteins and microorganisms, such as eggs, dairy, fish, etc., and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits; diversify varieties, match coarse and fine grains, and do not eat partially; food processing should be based on steam, boiling, stewing and other easily digestible ways, without deep-frying and barbecue. 9, pay attention to dietary hygiene, avoid overeating, quit smoking, alcohol, strong tea, coffee, spicy and other irritating and rough, greasy food, do not eat moldy and rotten food; reasonable arrangement of meals, five meals a day, mainly breakfast, lunch and dinner, and then add some milk, snacks, a small number of meals. 10, head and neck radiotherapy patients, due to parotid and minor salivary gland function inhibition after irradiation during radiotherapy, oral saliva secretion decreases, dry mouth, so the normal self-cleaning effect disappears, should pay attention to oral cleaning, before and after eating and before bedtime with light salt water rinse. 11.The abdominal cavity and pelvis should be emptied of urine before irradiation to reduce bladder reaction. 12.Appropriate activities are good for health, and please pay attention to adjust the sleep, pay attention to lunch break on time and go to bed before 10:00 pm, which is good for the recovery of the body. 13.Strengthen the functional exercise of the irradiated area to prevent local dysfunction. For example, practice mouth opening and neck turning exercises after head and neck radiation therapy; rehabilitation functional exercises after breast cancer radiation therapy, respiratory functional exercises after chest radiation therapy Post-radiation therapy care 1.skin care, avoid friction and physical and chemical stimulation. 2. Observe the local and general condition of the patient at any time. 3. Pay attention to oral hygiene, brush teeth with soft-bristled toothbrush containing fluoride toothpaste. Teeth should not be extracted within 2 years after irradiation to prevent osteomyelitis caused by vascular atrophy of the dental bed and tooth gangrene after radiation therapy. Functional exercise exercises for nasopharyngeal cancer radiation therapy 1.Lower head, tilt and stretch exercise 1.Sit on a chair, relax your shoulders naturally and look forward; 2.Lower your head and bring your lower jaw as close to your sternum as possible, hold the posture for 5 seconds; restore and rest for 5 seconds; 3.Tilt and stretch your head as far as possible, look at the ceiling, hold this posture for 5 seconds; restore and rest for 5 seconds; 4.Repeat this action for 5 times. Exercise the main muscle groups are: sternocleidomastoid muscles (both sides), longissimus dorsi, longissimus cervicis, anterior cervical muscles; trapezius upper fibers, head and neck muscles, semispinalis and erector spinae muscles. Second, the head pendulum exercise 1, sitting on the chair, shoulders naturally relaxed, eyes forward; 2, eyes forward, swing to the left, hold for 5 seconds; return, rest for 5 seconds; movement in the opposite direction; 3, repeat this action 5 times; exercise muscle groups: oblique angle muscle, the upper section of the trapezius muscle (lateral) ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle and scapular lift muscle (active muscle); contralateral muscle groups (antagonist muscle). Third, turn the neck exercise 1, sitting in a chair, shoulders relaxed, eyes forward; 2, head as far as possible to the left, eyes left front, hold this position for 5 seconds; restore, rest 5 seconds; movement in the opposite direction; 3, repeat this action 5 times; main exercise muscle groups: ipsilateral (side of the movement) of the scapularis raphe and clasp muscle, semispinalis muscle, multifidus muscle. The opposite side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper section of the trapezius muscle (active muscle); the opposite side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper section of the trapezius muscle on the same side of the scapularis and the clasp muscle, the semispinalis muscle, the multifidus muscle (antagonist muscle). Open mouth exercise 1.Sit freely on a chair, shoulders relaxed; 2.Open the mouth as much as possible, slowly restore; 3.Repeat this action 10-20 times; (if you feel limited to open the mouth, you can do more times) This method exercises the jaw joint opening and closing function. 5. Knock on the teeth 1. sit freely on a chair, shoulders relaxed; 2. lips slightly open, upper and lower teeth gently knock; 3. knock on the molars 36 times, then knock on the incisors 36 times. This method has a health care function for the teeth, can produce Jin, massage the gums. Six, rotate the shoulders 1, free standing, feet slightly apart, eyes forward; 2, double shoulder joints forward to do rotational movement 10 times; backward to do rotational movement 10 times; 3, repeat this action 5 times. 7.Shrug 1.Sit on a chair and raise both shoulders to your ears. 2. Hold this posture for 5 seconds, then relax. 3, repeat this action 5 times. Main exercise muscles: middle deltoid, supraspinatus, intrinsic muscles of the shoulder joint; deltoid, infraspinatus Eight, shoulder lift exercise 1, free standing, feet slightly apart; 2, left hand holding a mineral water bottle, lift up, restore, repeat this action 10 times; 3, change the other side of the hand for lifting exercise; Nine, relaxation exercise 1, free standing or sitting on a chair, eyes forward, shoulders relaxed, both arms natural 2.Inhale through the nose (patients with nasal congestion can use the mouth inhalation), expand the lungs, and then slowly exhale through the mouth, when exhaling silently recite the word “loose”; 3.Repeat this action for 2-5 minutes; Note: gentle movements, stretching moderate, to be comfortable, 2-3 times a day is appropriate. Indications: For patients undergoing head and neck radiation therapy Caution: Use with caution for acute muscle and joint sprains, acute cervical spinal lesions, and cervical spinal neuritis. Decreased blood count On the basis of comprehensive and balanced nutrition, it can be combined with more blood-supplementing foods such as oyster chicken, backbone, ribs, liver, eel, aconite, peanut rice and red dates. The following therapeutic recipes can be used: 1, 10 jujube, 60g of barley, 30g of adzuki beans to cook porridge; 2, 10 jujube, 5g of longan, 15g of berries, add 60g of glutinous rice to cook porridge; 3, mushroom steamed meat cake, white fungus steamed lean meat, wolfberry sea cucumber lean meat soup, red dates and peanut rice stewed pork ribs spine old duck, etc., Lingzhi red dates in turtle, red dates and peanut rice soup, goose blood, chicken blood, duck blood, pig blood soup, etc. Discharge After discharge, please do the following: 1, strengthen the diet and nutrition: high protein (such as eggs, etc.), high vitamin (such as fresh vegetables, etc.), easy to digest food, and increase the number of soups, as much as possible to eat steamed, boiled, stewed food, less fried, pickled, spicy and stimulating food, prohibit smoking, alcohol; 2, appropriate exercise, enhance physical fitness, pay attention to the combination of work and rest; 3, keep the radiation field skin clean and dry. Not suitable for sun exposure, hot compresses, massage, physical therapy, acupuncture and stimulating ointments for external use. 4, should pay attention to keep the oral cavity clean, diligent brush teeth rinse mouth, three years after radiation therapy can not be extracted, adhere to open mouth, shaking head knocking teeth, nodding head, shrugging shoulders, etc. 3 ~ 5 times a day, 20 ~ 30 times each time. 5.Review regularly, 1~3 months after discharge, every 3 months thereafter, and every 6 months thereafter, if there is any abnormality, please consult the hospital promptly. 6.Avoid contact with the heavily polluted outside air environment, and take medication as prescribed by the doctor. 7, maintain a happy mood, optimistic, open-minded, in order to increase the stress capacity, improve immune function.