The specific effectiveness of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of peroneal muscular dystrophy is not supported by clear data, and stem cell transplantation is generally not recommended. Peroneal muscular atrophy is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy with autosomal dominant inheritance and a few autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance. There is no specific treatment that can achieve a cure, and stem cell technology has not been confirmed by evidence-based medicine in the treatment of the disease, and is technically immature, so stem cell transplantation is generally not recommended. There are other treatments for peroneal muscular dystrophy. vitamins that promote regeneration of diseased nerve fibers and medications that aid in neuromuscular nutrition, such as vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, may be prescribed. surgical correction of severe skeletal deformities such as high arches and hammertoe deformities may be beneficial, and surgical release or tendon grafting may be performed to alleviate the condition, such as in the case of severe ankle joint contractures. In the presence of peroneal muscular dystrophy, it is recommended to seek medical attention, follow the doctor’s instructions for further examination, and target treatment or therapy with the doctor’s help.