I. [Etiology] The etiology of urticaria is complex, and the exact cause cannot be found in most children. The common causes are as follows: 1. Foods such as fish, shrimp, crab and eggs are the most common, followed by certain meats and certain plant foods such as strawberries, cocoa, tomatoes or garlic and other condiments. Some food-induced urticaria can be allergic. However, some not fresh food decomposed into peptides, alkaline peptides are histamine releasers, protein foods are absorbed in the form of peptones or peptides before complete digestion, which can cause urticaria. 2, drugs many drugs are prone to cause the body’s metabolic reactions lead to the disease, common are penicillin, serum preparations, various vaccines, dysentery, sulfa, etc.. Some drugs are histamine releasing substances, such as aspirin, morphine, codeine, quinine, hydrazinebendazole, etc. 3, infections including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc.. The most common are viruses and Staphylococcus aureus, which cause upper respiratory tract infections, followed by hepatitis virus. The relationship between chronic infectious lesions, such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, chronic otitis media and the onset of urticaria, is not easy to determine simply and can only be confirmed by treatment trials. 4, physical factors such as cold, heat, sunlight, friction and pressure and other physical stimuli. 5, animal and plant factors such as insect bites, nettle stimulation or inhalation of animal dander, feathers and pollen, etc. 6, mental factors such as mental stress can cause acetylcholine release. 7, visceral and systemic diseases such as rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, malignant tumors, infectious mononucleosis, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, etc., can be the cause of urticaria, especially chronic urticaria. The treatment of urticaria 1, systemic treatment (1) acute urticaria: Generally, the first generation of antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, ketotifen can be used; some people who are more sensitive to the drowsy effect of antihistamines, drivers, high-altitude workers, work and study require a high degree of concentration to choose the second generation of antihistamines, such as cetirizine hydrochloride, terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine, etc.. Usually two to three antihistamines are used in combination. Vitamin C and calcium can reduce vascular permeability and have synergistic effects with antihistamines. Antispasmodic drugs, such as prulbenecid, 654-2, atropine, etc., can be given for those with abdominal pain. For those with sepsis or septicemia, antibiotics should be used immediately to control the infection and treat the infected lesions in a timely manner. In severe cases with shock or laryngeal edema and respiratory distress, 0.1% epinephrine should be injected subcutaneously immediately, oxygen should be administered, isoproterenol hydrochloride should be injected intramuscularly, and hydrocortisone and vitamin C 2g should be added to 500m1 5%-10% glucose solution in a sedative drip. 0.5ml of epinephrine can be injected repeatedly after 15 minutes. epinephrine should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease. For bronchospasm, aminophylline can be given slowly intravenously. In the case of laryngeal edema, tracheotomy is generally not recommended because it responds very quickly to epinephrine, and tracheotomy cannot resolve the accompanying bronchospasm. (2) Chronic urticaria: The cause should be actively sought, glucocorticoids should not be used, and antihistamines are generally the mainstay. The timing of drug administration should generally be adjusted according to the time of occurrence of the wind mass. For example, if there are more in the morning, a slightly higher dose should be given before bedtime; if there are more at bedtime, a slightly higher dose should be given after dinner. After the wind mass is controlled, the drug can be continued for more than a month, and the dose can be gradually reduced. When an antihistamine drug is ineffective, two to three kinds of combination, and a variety of antihistamines used alternately. 2.Topical medication In summer, anti-itch liquid, glycolite lotion and zinc oxide lotion can be used, while in winter, emulsion with anti-itch effect, such as Benadryl cream, can be chosen. 3, Chinese medicine treatment Chinese medicine believes that wind is the main cause of urticaria. Acute urticaria mostly belongs to wind-heat type, the treatment is to dispel wind and clear heat, the formula is used to remove wind and clear heat drink (thornbush, windbreak, burdock, Tribulus terrestris, cicada, silver flower, scutellaria, gardenia, forsythia, raw earth, salvia, red peony) plus reduction. Cold urticaria mostly belongs to wind-cold type, the treatment is to disperse wind-cold and harmonize Ying and Wei, the formula is to add and reduce hemp and gui each with half soup, or to add and reduce Jing Fang Hua Rash Soup (thorny mustard, windbreak, Tribulus terrestris, burdock, bitter ginseng, forsythia, dahurica, cicada, groundnut, poria, raw licorice). Chronic urticaria is mostly of the type of Qi and Blood deficiency, the treatment is to nourish Blood and dispel wind, benefit Qi and consolidate the surface. Acupuncture treatment can be done at the acupuncture points of Dazhi, Blood Sea, Quchi and Sanyinjiao. For chronic urticaria, Da Zhong Yu is the main acupoint.