Recent years have seen a significant decline in sperm quality and fertility in men, as well as a decline in fertility in women, and the same trend has been seen worldwide. Approximately one million couples seek assisted reproductive treatment each year. There are many causes of infertility, and in addition to physiological causes such as changes in the function of tissues and organs, some infertility cannot be explained, and these may include overly negative emotional and psychological stress. The so-called psychological stress is the direct impact on the brain consciousness caused by a series of factors that disrupt the homeostatic balance of the organism. With the increasing pace of life, people’s lives become complicated, personal pursuits increase, interpersonal conflicts and contradictions, busy work, increased psychological and physical demands, and frustration in all areas become sources of stress, causing the expansion of negative psychological emotions. While appropriate stress response is essential to maintain physical and mental health and proper functioning, excessive psychological stress and negative emotions can lead to disruption of homeostasis in the body, which can cause effects on body metabolism, vascular function, tissue repair, immune function and the nervous system. Scientific studies have shown that psychological stress has become an important factor in the decline of human fertility. When people are under high levels of stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the body is altered and glucocorticoids in the blood are elevated. In addition, when pregnant women are exposed to stress or exogenous glucocorticoids, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress-related behaviors of the fetus are permanently affected. Glucocorticoids are critical for normal brain development, but excessive glucocorticoids will have irreversible effects on fetal neuroendocrine function. Psychological stress can have an impact on fertility in both men and women. Modern women have increasingly high self-perceptions and requirements, and their requirements for partners and relationships between partners are more idealized. When these desires are not met in real life, it is easy to generate negative emotions, and if the negative emotions are not resolved and digested, it will further affect the relationship between the two parties, causing a vicious circle. Because of the biological differences, women are more likely to be depressed, stressed and angry for emotional reasons. Being in such a state of life for a long time can cause damage to the female reproductive system, resulting in menstrual disorders or even absence of menstruation, irregular ovulation or non-ovulation of the ovaries, resulting in difficulties in pregnancy or infertility. Stress manifests itself differently in men than in women, but the sources of stress are basically the same, including work stress, social status stress, family support stress, partner relationship stress, and stress experienced by both spouses. Men’s reactions to stress are different from women’s. In addition to having some similar stress manifestations as women, they also have some male-specific manifestations. Women are more likely to be emotionally negative, depressed or angry, while men tend to use alcohol and tobacco to relieve themselves, which further damages the reproductive system. When couples have problems with fertility, men may suffer from erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation, which may indirectly affect reproductive function. Infertility itself is a source of stress, and when couples try to conceive without success, the process of seeking treatment, the use of medications, the cost and time spent on treatment may cause further stress. The failure of initial treatment for some infertile couples often results in an escalation of stress. The unsuccessful initial treatment, social discrimination and lack of understanding from family and friends further aggravate the bad feelings of these people, especially women in couples, and even cause a complete mental breakdown under such heavy blows. Psychological stress may also lead to obesity due to excessive diet leading to infertility. Therefore, when preparing for a child, both spouses should try to reduce the burden of work, maintain a relaxed and optimistic state, and let nature take its course. At the same time, try to avoid interference from family members or friends, and face the matter with a peaceful attitude. Family members should not give too much attention or too much interference, appropriate support is enough. The couple should trust and support each other, especially when one of them has anxiety and other negative emotions, and the other one can give peace and relief. If there are serious psychological problems or under great psychological stress for a long time, and as a result, the reproductive system dysfunction, should be timely psychological guidance, if necessary, you can consult a psychologist or take some psychotherapy drugs.