Shock waves from masonry, earth, fists, balls, falls, traffic accidents, and explosions (e.g., firecrackers) are common causes of blunt contusions of the eye in production, life, and sports. This in turn causes multiple indirect injuries, including blunted reflexes to light. When a blunt force strikes the eye, it can produce a direct injury at the site of the blow, and because the eye can be viewed as an incompressible sphere, the blunt force can be transmitted within the eye and to the wall of the eye, causing a blunted reflex to light. Contusion of the iris-ciliary body contusion can cause a traumatic inflammatory response in the iris-ciliary body, first with spasm of the small arteries, followed by capillary dilation and increased permeability of the small vessel walls, resulting in tissue edema, clouding of the atrial fluid, and blunting of the light reflex. In severe cases, contusions can cause rupture of the iris and ciliary body tissues and blood vessels, anterior chamber hemorrhage, and loss of light reflexes. In traumatic iridocyclitis, there may be ciliary congestion, iris edema, poor texture, pupil narrowing, iris pigment loss, cloudy atrial fluid or fibrinous exudate, and posterior corneal sedimentation. Treatment is according to the general principles of iridocyclitis, with local or systemic application of corticosteroids and the use of 1% atropine to dilate the pupil. Iris injury and pupillary abnormalities. Rupture of the iris pupillary rim and pupillary sphincter can cause irregular fissures of the pupil. Longitudinal fissures can also occur in the iris stroma. Severe contusions can result in a detachment of the iris root, with a semilunar defect at the iris root and a “D” shaped pupil. Sometimes the entire iris is completely disconnected from the root, resulting in traumatic absence of the iris. Damage to the pupillary sphincter or paralysis of the innervated nerve can cause traumatic pupil dilation (traumatic dilated pupil), which is usually moderately dilated, with a dull or absent light reflex. When the ciliary muscle or innervated nerve is damaged, it is often accompanied by regulatory paralysis and the patient becomes impaired in near vision.