For more than 100 years, people have been trying to overcome cancer through the “kill all” approach. Doctors have adopted radical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, local treatment (intervention, radiofrequency, microwave, freezing, etc.) and organ transplantation in the hope of completely eliminating tumors. Through a century of efforts, great progress has been made, and frankly speaking, the 20th century was the period when mankind made the greatest progress ever in the fight against cancer. However, the “kill-all” approach has not completely solved the problem, and the survival rate of cancer patients has not improved much, and the 5-year survival rate of small liver cancer resection has not improved in 40 years. Cancer is still considered as an incurable disease. In the 21st century, people’s perception of tumor has changed, considering tumor as a special chronic disease, which takes years and decades from its genetic mutation to tumor formation. The concept of tumor treatment has also changed a lot. The concept of “survival with tumor” is widely recognized, and the traditional concept of “curing tumor” has been changed to “survival with tumor”. Tumor control, maintaining good quality of life and prolonging life. Prolonging overall survival is the ultimate goal of tumor treatment.