Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia, and the most common underlying lesions in the past were rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis. However, since the incidence of rheumatic heart disease is decreasing year by year, the current etiology is mainly cardiomyopathy and thyroid pathology. Because the lesions can lead to atrial enlargement and increased pressure, coupled with the possible formation of scar tissue in the atrial wall, atrial fibrillation is likely to occur. The occurrence of atrial fibrillation is also seen in middle-aged and elderly patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. In addition, there are a significant number of patients in whom no primary factor can be found, which is clinically referred to as “primary atrial fibrillation”. During auscultation, the frequency, rhythm and intensity of the heartbeat can be found to be very irregular, and some of the blood discharged from the heartbeat cannot cause a pulse, so the number of heartbeats is often more than the number of pulses, and a clear diagnosis can be easily made by electrocardiography. What harm does atrial fibrillation cause to the patient? There are two aspects: First, it causes the heart rate to be too fast, which increases the burden on the heart and induces cardiac decompensation, and also affects the normal blood discharging function of the heart and reduces the blood supply to the body organs, which causes lesions in the long run; second, it causes the atrial contraction disorder, which easily produces “wall clots” on the atrial wall, i.e. blood clots. Fresh thrombus adhesion is not strong, easy to fall off, thrombus with blood flow, can block the blood vessels, resulting in the brain, kidneys, spleen, intestines, limbs of ischemia, causing necrosis. Given that atrial fibrillation can produce many adverse consequences, it needs to be prevented and treated. In medical practice, we find that some patients adopt an indifferent attitude toward atrial fibrillation and do not seek medical attention for a long time, listening to nature; however, there are also patients who urgently ask their doctors to correct it. Both of these practices indicate that they do not know enough about atrial fibrillation. So, how to treat atrial fibrillation correctly? The principles of treatment are as follows: 1. Try to find the basic causes of atrial fibrillation and treat them, such as correcting heart valve lesions, correcting hypotension, improving heart function, myocardial ischemia, and controlling hyperthyroidism. If heart failure and atrial fibrillation coexist, the use of cardiac drugs such as digitalis can kill two birds with one stone (slowing down the heart rate and strengthening the contraction of the heart muscle). 3.For transient atrial fibrillation of unknown cause and occasional occurrence, there is no need to treat it urgently, but the condition should be closely observed. 4.For those who have good cardiac function, no obvious enlargement of the heart and recent occurrence of atrial fibrillation, the doctor can use direct current electroshock to transcend and then cooperate with drug treatment. 5.For those who are not suitable for DC transconversion and have a fast heart rate, regardless of whether there are changes in cardiac function, they can be treated with injectable or oral digitalis-type drugs, with the aim of reducing the frequency of heartbeats. 6.If atrial fibrillation has occurred for a long time, or if the DC conversion was successful at one time, but recurred within a short period of time, or if the heart beat frequency is not fast, there is no need to use special measures to treat it. 7, for the sudden occurrence of atrial fibrillation, generally can give intravenous digitalis type drugs, such as cetiran. 8, for patients with organ embolism due to atrial fibrillation, long-term anticoagulant drug therapy should be given to prevent the re-occurrence of embolism. In conclusion, although atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, the treatment needs to be different from person to person. Patients should actively cooperate with their physicians and adopt an appropriate approach to treatment, and should not be forced to be consistent.