What are the recommendations for the treatment of patients with patent foramen ovale unclosed and stroke

Occlusion for the treatment of patent foramen ovale nonocclusion with stroke is considered a safe and effective treatment option for patients younger than 55 years of age. For stroke combined with patent foramen ovale, oral anticoagulant (e.g., warfarin) therapy is recommended if venography or Doppler ultrasound confirms the presence of venous thrombosis and other indications for anticoagulant therapy. To prevent recurrence, oral antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin) can be used, and endovascular closure of patent foramen ovale is an option for those who fail to respond to antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation or who still experience recurrence. Recent prospective studies have found a significant association between patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke. The efficacy of occlusion in secondary prevention of stroke and reduction of recurrence has been proved compared with drug treatment. In case of discomfort, it is recommended to go to the hospital and follow the medical advice.