I. Treatment Adult inguinal hernias are not self-curing and surgery is still the only cure available. With regard to the surgical approach to hernia surgery, from an evidence-based medical perspective, there is no so-called “golden procedure” for all types of hernia repair. The choice should be based on the patient’s specific situation and the skills of the surgeon. Liu Chang, Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China Treatment principles 1. However, if it is a femoral hernia, or if the hernia sac is recently found to be enlarged, timely surgery should be performed. For those who cannot tolerate surgery due to old age and frailty, conservative treatment with a hernia support can be chosen. 2. Symptomatic inguinal hernia should be operated electively. 3.Inserted and strangulated hernia should be operated urgently. 4. Tension-free hernia repair is currently the main method of surgical treatment. Medical evidence shows that tension-free repair can reduce postoperative pain, shorten recovery time, and decrease the recurrence rate of hernia. Patch implantation is subject to strict aseptic principles. The use of patches in emergency surgery for incarcerated hernia is still controversial, and it is not advisable to use patches that cannot be absorbed by the body for repair of contaminated surgical wounds. 5. Surgical treatment of recurrent hernia Avoidance of anatomical ambiguity and increased surgical difficulty caused by previous surgical trauma are priority factors. If the previous surgery was a conventional open surgery, the recurrence should be repaired by posterior entry or laparoscopic surgery. In addition, the experience of the surgeon is another factor to be considered in the choice of recurrent hernia treatment. Surgical methods According to the surgical principles and repair levels, inguinal hernia surgical methods can be divided into the following categories: 1. classical suture repair to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal: 2. tension-free hernia repair to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal: such as simple flat-piece repair and mesh plug plus flat-piece repair. 3. Tension-free hernia repair in the anterior peritoneal space: 4. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: Repair by extraperitoneal route Preperitoneal repair via the peritoneal cavity Patch repair in the peritoneal cavity