Head shaking and neck turning is mostly seen in chorea, which often occurs in children aged 5 to 12 years, more in females than males. It mostly develops 2 to 6 months after streptococcal infection. It is a manifestation of rheumatic fever inflammation invading the central nervous system, including the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and striatum, with a slow onset. Chorea is one of the main clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever. However, other tests (anti-streptococcal kinase test) are performed and appear positive in many cases. Chorea is predominantly seen in girls. The age is mostly around 5 to 12 years. The involuntary movements of chorea are manifested as eyebrow squeezing, head shaking and neck turning, grinning and tongue stretching; the limbs are manifested as straightening and flexing, inward and outward, spinning forward and backward, and other rhythmless alternating movements, and the upper limbs are obviously glued to the lower limbs. It is aggravated by stress and fatigue, and disappears during sleep. When parents find that a child has chorea, they should take appropriate protective measures to prevent the child from being injured in the violent dance movements. If necessary, some sedatives can be taken under the guidance of a doctor, with haloperidol as the drug of choice, and strict bed rest at the onset until the chorea-like movements disappear. If the cause is rheumatic fever after hospital examination, corticosteroids and salicylates can be used under the guidance of a doctor. If the culture of pharyngeal secretions reveals the presence of Streptococcus haemolyticus, antibiotics such as penicillin should be added.