All kidney transplant candidates who have not previously been infected with hepatitis B virus should preferably be vaccinated with hepatitis B. However, patients with end-stage renal failure have a lower response rate to hepatitis B vaccine and lower antibody titers than the general population, and a significant number of patients do not have protective antibody titers at the time of transplantation, so hepatitis B vaccinated kidney transplant recipients should be monitored annually for antibody titers, and an additional dose should be administered once anti-HBs antibodies in the body fall below protective levels.