A positive vaginal discharge for leukocyte esterase usually indicates inflammation of the patient’s vagina. Leukocyte esterase is a specific enzyme contained in human leukocytes. In clinical practice, this enzyme is commonly used to detect the presence of leukocytes in specimens. When there is local inflammation in the body, neutrophils concentrate around the inflammatory lesion and release leukocyte esterase in large numbers. Although leukocyte esterase can indicate the presence of inflammation, it does not indicate which pathogens are responsible for the inflammation, and the diagnosis needs to be confirmed in conjunction with the results of gynecologic and vaginal examinations. If specific pathogens are detected in the secretions, treatment is needed to target the pathogens, with oral medication or vaginal suppositories being the main treatment. If the possibility of atopic diseases such as mycosis fungoides and trichomoniasis is excluded and only simple leukocyte esterase is positive, antibiotics can be applied under the guidance of a professional doctor. In daily life, patients should pay attention to personal body hygiene and keep clean and fresh. It is recommended to use loose, breathable cotton underwear. Regular work and rest and a light diet can help restore health.