1.What is asthma? Bronchial asthma is a chronic allergic inflammation of the airways caused by allergens, resulting in bronchial congestion and edema, spasm, narrowing of the airways, leading to chest tightness, breath-holding, wheezing, and in severe cases, even life-threatening. The reversibility of airway obstruction is its characteristic, and recurrent attacks of the disease can move for years. The causes of asthma attacks are complex, mostly related to environmental factors, allergens, personal constitution, genetic factors, etc. 2.Why should asthma patients check for allergens? The essence of asthma is chronic allergic inflammation of the airways, and long-term exposure to a large number of allergens is the main reason for recurrent asthma attacks and aggravation of the disease year by year. Therefore, identifying allergens and avoiding exposure to them is the key to the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma. An allergic reaction is a super-normal reaction of the body to one or more substances, some of which are harmless to most people. The main reason for this is that the patient’s body produces too much immunoglobulin E (IgE), which can react with allergenic substances (allergens) in the environment and stimulate the body to release certain excessive chemicals and subsequently produce various symptoms. There are two general methods of detection, one is by blood test, which is to determine the level of antibody IgE in the patient’s body to determine the patient’s allergens. The other is by skin prick test. What are the common allergens? There are many things in our life that can become allergens, such as breathing in, eating in, direct skin contact, and injecting in, such as house dust, dust mites, pollen, plant hair, animal hair, formaldehyde, pesticides, perfume, disinfectant, artemisia, fish, shrimp, crab, some vegetables, fruits, drugs, and even milk, beans, flour, and eggs can become allergens. Although there are many allergens in nature, as long as we know what we are allergic to and pay attention to avoid it, it is not terrible. 3.Can asthma be cured? Bronchial asthma is a recurrent disease, and a few patients lose confidence because they still have intermittent attacks despite repeated treatment, and some even give up treatment, leading to serious consequences. In recent years, bronchial asthma research has made great progress, and the 2006 GINA Global Asthma Prevention and Control Idea points out that asthma is completely clinically controllable, and most of children’s asthma can be cured through early and active treatment. Some adult asthma can also be clinically cured through systematic and regular treatment and active prevention. This should also be the goal of every individual asthma patient. However, this process can only be achieved with the active cooperation of the patient through a model of evaluation, treatment and monitoring of your condition by a professional clinician. To cure asthma, we know three things: firstly, we need to establish confidence to overcome the disease, secondly, we need to avoid contact with allergens, and thirdly, we need scientific and standardized treatment, and we should not stop the medication at our own discretion. We believe that all asthma patients will be able to overcome the disease and study, work and live like healthy people through the joint efforts of themselves and health care workers. 4.What are the common drugs used to treat asthma? The main treatment is to control anti-inflammation and anti-allergy, release bronchospasm and regulate immune balance to achieve the purpose of treatment. Currently there are three types of drugs available for the treatment of asthma: (1) bronchodilators One can be used to relax the smooth muscles of the airways, thereby reducing your asthma symptoms, such as beta-sympathetic agonists, theophylline and anticholinergic preparations. Such as theophylline extended-release tablets, Meprobamate, Boliconi, Salbutamol, AsthmaCare, Advil, etc. (2) Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs, which also eliminate allergic inflammatory swelling of the respiratory tract, are used to treat and prevent asthma attacks. One category is hormones, such as inhaled glucocorticosteroids, such as Bicodone, Pramipexole, oral or injectable corticosteroids, such as prednisone, dexamethasone, etc. Another category is anti-allergic and some cell membrane stabilizers, drugs such as: ketoprogesterone, cetirizine, loratadine, montelukast sodium, etc. (3) Inhalation and drugs are the first choice for the treatment of asthma, because inhalation therapy requires only a small amount of drug inhalation directly to the airway mucosa, reducing the occurrence of systemic adverse reactions caused by oral or intravenous administration, with a high amount of inhaled pulmonary drugs, patients are willing to accept, easy to use and other characteristics, can be applied to different types of patients, so it is widely used in clinical practice. Inhaled drugs: ① Bronchodilators, (such as Vantorin, gastrin, Adequan, etc.) ② Inhaled corticosteroids such as (bicodone, co-codone, pramipexole, etc.) ③Inhaled glucocorticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators of mixed preparations, such as salmeterolf fluticasone (Scholastic); budesonide formoterol (Symbicortol), inhaled drugs can achieve satisfactory results clinically, but it should be noted that the mouth must be rinsed after use to avoid causing pharyngeal discomfort. (4) Chinese herbal medicine treatment Chinese medicine has a long history and good efficacy in treating asthma, which can not only lower the gas, stop coughing and calm asthma, but also can be used to regulate the whole body, improve the immunity of the body, improve and reduce the allergic state of the body, and stabilize the disease to reduce attacks by supplementing the lung energy, strengthening the spleen and resolving phlegm, and tonifying the kidney and nourishing the gas. The main clinical evidence through the dialectic to give Chinese medicine soup treatment, in addition to winter and summer acupressure therapy has received a certain effect. (5) In addition, desensitization therapy Immunomodulatory drugs are part of the immune balancing therapy. For those who have difficulty in controlling some stubborn asthma, they can be treated with desensitizers of some related substances at different concentrations and injected in different times, and some patients will also receive ideal therapeutic effects. 5.How to grade the treatment of asthma? It is common that asthma is difficult to be treated. Recurrent attacks are its characteristic, so the key to asthma control is to standardize and grade the treatment. Mild: It refers to intermittent, transient asthma attacks, 1 to 2 times a week, less than 2 times a month at night. Generally, only intermittent oral aminophylline is needed, or oral beta2 agonist and intermittent inhalation. Moderate: This refers to more than 2 asthma attacks per week and more than 2 nocturnal attacks per month. In addition to bronchodilators, inhaled glucocorticoids should be emphasized. Severe: refers to frequent attacks, limited activity, and even life-threatening grand mal attacks. In addition to the use of bronchodilators, high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids should be administered daily, and in particularly severe cases, oral and injectable glucocorticoids should be administered. Asthma is a common and frequent disease, characterized by recurrent attacks and complex and variable attack triggers. Understanding the rules of asthma onset and treatment and the principles of medication, learning self-monitoring and management are essential to reduce asthma attacks and achieve the purpose of asthma control. 6.How do I know when I have an asthma attack? Most of the time asthma patients do not have serious symptoms, but only once in a few months. When asthma is not attacked, he is no different from a healthy person, when asthma is going to attack, some people will often have symptoms of chest tightness, cough (mainly irritating cough, aggravated at night) and breath-holding; some people start with sneezing and runny nose, similar to the symptoms of a cold, and in severe cases, croup can be heard, accompanied by breath-holding, If this happens, you will need to go to a specialist clinic to receive standardized treatment. 7.How to prevent asthma attack? (1) If you know what you are allergic to, you should first get out of the allergen environment (2) Dress appropriately. Pay attention to the necessary warmth, add and remove clothes in time to avoid cold and flu and the stimulation of cold air. It may trigger your asthma attack. (3) The living environment should be suitable. Asthma patients should keep their rooms warm and dry, pay attention to ventilation and light, and wash and dry bedding and clothes to avoid dust mites and mold growth. (4) Access should be appropriate. Asthma patients should try not to go to crowded public places; avoid going out in sandy and dusty weather; for those who are allergic to pollen and plants, wear a mask when going out during the season when pollen concentration is high. (6) Live a regular life, eat a light diet, ensure regular rationing and nutritious diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, minimize the consumption of fish, shrimp, crab and other seafood, and prohibit smoking and alcohol. (7) Maintain an optimistic and cheerful mood, avoid excessive excitement, tension and temper, take the initiative to exercise and actively cooperate with treatment. (8) Learn to use preventive medicine at home, self-monitoring, timely and regular medication, especially the correct method of inhalation of some aerosols. Timely medication is good for relieving symptoms. In addition, when there is a change in your condition, you should contact your doctor in time. 8.How to self-monitor asthma? Insist on keeping an asthma diary, the main contents are whether there is cough, chest tightness, wheezing, dyspnea and whether the above symptoms are aggravated, the most monitoring tool is peak flow rate meter, (1) Record once a day in the morning and once in the evening. (2) Blow three times before inhalation, take the largest of these values and record it on the asthma diary card, wait about thirty minutes after inhalation and blow three times again, again take the largest of these values and record it with another color pen. (3) Compare the newly measured value with the previous value to draw two graphs before and after inhalation. (4) Whenever breathing discomfort occurs, you can measure and record it to help your physician understand the changes in your airway.