Coughing up black sputum may be related to environmental factors, long-term smoking, bronchial dilatation and other reasons, and the medication taken varies according to the disease. 1. Environmental factors: For example, if you live in a poor air quality and heavily polluted environment for a long time, the black dust in the air will enter your lungs with your breath, and black sputum will appear when you cough up sputum. This situation does not need medication, need to pay attention to protection, try to get out of the polluted environment, usually drink a lot of water, dilute phlegm, and facilitate the discharge of phlegm. 2. Long-term heavy smoking: For long-term smokers, tar and tobacco burning particles accumulate in the airway for a long time and are mixed with sputum when coughing. In this case, it is necessary to quit smoking, and at the same time to clarify the causes of coughing, and then to be targeted medication. 3. Bronchial dilatation: coughing up black sputum may be old bleeding in the airway, which may be caused by bronchial dilatation. If combined with yellow sputum and other symptoms, need to actively anti-infection, such as ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and other antibiotics. At the same time, aminoglutethimide hydrochloride and bromhexine can be given to relieve cough and resolve sputum. If the bleeding is small, oral adrenochrome tablets can be given. Cough with black sputum can also be caused by other diseases, such as lung cancer. If the symptoms are not relieved or aggravated, it is necessary to go to the hospital for a complete examination and diagnosis by the doctor, and give the right cause and symptomatic treatment.