Tuberculosis may cause enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes, mainly related to the inflammatory response within the chest cavity caused by infection of the lungs by infectious organisms. Patients with tuberculosis whose lungs are infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are prone to thoracic inflammation, which affects the return of lymph from the mediastinum to the venous horns, resulting in swelling of lymphoid tissues in the thoracic cavity. As the mass increases in size, symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, dizziness, and abnormal blood pressure will be manifested. Tuberculosis patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement should adhere to the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid tablets and rifampicin tablets as prescribed by the doctor, and eat a light diet, do not eat spicy and stimulating foods, so as not to aggravate the inflammation and lead to worsening of lymph node lumps, or incision and drainage if there is a situation of pus formation in the lymph node. Once found that pulmonary tuberculosis caused mediastinal lymph node enlargement, it is recommended to consult a doctor for active anti-tuberculosis treatment.