When it comes to prostate cancer, people often think that it is the “patent” of Europe and the United States, because in the European and American population, the incidence rate of this disease is as high as more than 100/100,000 people, ranking second in the causes of cancer death. Although the incidence rate of prostate cancer in China is much lower than that in western countries, it has been increasing significantly in recent years. According to statistics, there are about 80,000 new cases of prostate cancer in China every year, mainly occurring in middle-aged and old people over 60 years old. Due to the hidden location of prostate, cancerous part mostly occurs in the peripheral belt of posterior lobe, and early stage will not press the urethra and cause urination difficulty, so it is difficult to cause alertness of patients as there are no symptoms in the early and middle stage of the disease; even if there are some discomforts, such as difficulty in urination, it is often mistaken as the performance of old age or due to the enlargement of the prostate, which will cause delays in the early diagnosis and treatment. 1, how prostate cancer is caused The prostate is a gland located below the bladder, wrapped around the urethra, normally the size of a chestnut, with the urethra passing through the center, unique to men. It secretes a fluid that is a component of semen. It is currently believed that the main factors associated with the development of prostate cancer are: (1) Sexual activity, as the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ. (2) Food factors, a high-fat diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer. (3) Bad life habits, like long-term sedentary and less activity. (4) Ethnicity or genetic factors, the incidence rate of black people is high globally, and the incidence rate of those with family history is also high. Statistics found that the brothers of prostate cancer patients have a 3 times higher chance of developing prostate cancer than others, and there are also reports of the incidence of the disease in several generations of patients, and most of them have the incidence of the disease before the age of 60. What are the symptoms of prostate cancer? After prostate cancer occurs, there are no symptoms in the early stage. When the tumor grows to the extent of obstructing the urinary tract, symptoms similar to those of prostate hyperplasia will appear, such as gradually aggravating slow urinary flow, frequent urination, urinary urgency, interrupted urinary flow, incomplete urination, difficulty in urination and even urinary incontinence, but hematuria is uncommon, and in the late stage, there will be lumbar pain, leg pain, anemia, swelling of the lower limbs, bone pain, pathologic bone fracture, paraplegia, difficulty in urination, oliguria, anuria, uremia, etc. As prostate cancer is not symptomatic at early stage, there is no symptomatic effect in early stage. Since prostate cancer is asymptomatic in early stage, even if there is discomfort, it is not enough to draw patients’ attention, while benign prostate enlargement and prostatitis produce symptoms similar to cancer, so it is hard to recognize in early stage. When the tumor increases to a certain degree and presses on the urethra, it is often no longer in the early stage. It can be seen that early detection of prostate cancer is very important. Especially for patients with prostatitis and enlarged prostate, if the disease recurs repeatedly, they should pay attention to the change of condition to prevent cancer. 3.How to find prostate cancer early Prostate cancer is not scary, early detection and timely treatment can be cured without affecting life expectancy. Therefore, early diagnosis of prostate cancer is very important. Prostate cancer screening mainly includes three steps: transrectal fingerprinting, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurement and transrectal ultrasonography. In general, men over 50 years old should do the examination once a year; when abnormalities are found, transrectal ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided prostate puncture biopsy will be performed. 4. How to prevent and control prostate cancer For early stage prostate cancer, the best treatment is radical surgery, i.e., when the cancer is confined to the prostate, radical resection of the cancer will be performed, which can achieve the purpose of lifelong cure and does not affect the quality of life of patients. For prostate cancer that penetrates the prostate peritoneum and has local invasion, radical surgery or debulking surgery can be considered on the basis of neoadjuvant therapy and combined with endocrine therapy. With the improvement of surgical level and anatomical technique, radical surgery with preservation of sexual nerves and blood vessels can enable most patients to recover sexual function after surgery. Advanced prostate cancer can be treated with anti-androgen therapy and combined with local radiotherapy, chemotherapy or cryotherapy according to the situation, and most of them have better curative effect. In clinical work, patients who have undergone transurethral resection of prostate due to prostatic hyperplasia are often encountered, and when pathological examination of the resected prostate tissue is conducted after operation, prostate cancer is found accidentally, which is called incidental cancer. This type of prostate cancer is mostly focal, with small tumor size, well-differentiated cells, slow growth, little chance of metastasis and good prognosis. To prevent prostate cancer, you should pay attention to the following points: control animal fats in food, keep the fat content about 20% of total calories; eat as little red meat such as pork, beef, sheep, etc.; eat more soybean products, vegetables, fruits and grains, which contain phytoestrogens that can reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer. Especially soybean products, you need to eat more than 50 grams a day; drink more green tea, can reduce the incidence of prostate cancer. In addition, recently, the U.S. Prostate Cancer Research Center oncologist Dr. Brian Moran found that eating more fish and tomatoes, to prevent and reduce the incidence of prostate cancer has a certain effect.