Low back pain and sciatica are the warning signs of lumbar disc herniation. Lumbar disc herniation is not just the preserve of middle-aged and elderly friends, it is also a considerable threat to young people. Lumbar disc herniation is divided into: bulge, protrusion, and prolapse. The symptoms are diverse. Including a variety of back pain symptoms, patients often have lumbosacral pain, the pain is deep, can be light or heavy. The pain can be mild or severe. In the light case, it occurs only after sitting for a long time; in the heavy case, the pain is unbearable, and the patient is bedridden, and it is extremely difficult to turn over when moving slightly. What are the physical signs of lumbar disc herniation? Orthopedic experts point out that not every lumbar disc patient has symptoms of lumbar pain, and some patients only have lower limb symptoms, such as numbness and discomfort in the calf and foot in the early stage, or some have pain and numbness in one lower limb at the beginning, and soon the symptoms appear on the other side, and one focuses on one side lightly or the original side symptoms disappear, etc. The upper lumbar disc herniation is mostly manifested as femoral neuralgia on the anterior side of the femur, and the lower lumbar disc herniation is mostly manifested as sciatica on the posterior side of the femur. In some patients, symptoms of lumbar and leg pain exist at the same time, while in others, symptoms of lumbar pain are alleviated or disappear after symptoms of lower extremities appear. The lower limb symptoms caused by lumbar disc herniation are often related to walking and standing, some patients show persistent pain and numbness, and the symptoms affect walking activities in heavy cases and paralysis of the lower limbs in serious cases, so experts remind that early treatment is needed. Early treatment of herniated discs is not only to reduce the torment of the symptoms on the patient, but also to prevent secondary changes in the herniated disc from producing more and more serious symptoms. The disc herniation can be secondary to the following changes: 1, posterior joint degeneration and osteophytes lumbar disc pain with a long history of lumbar disc herniation mostly combined with posterior joint degeneration and osteophytes. On the one hand, lumbar disc herniation and degeneration lead to narrowing of the intervertebral space and relaxation of the intervertebral disc, on the other hand, osteophytes of the upper articular processes can further narrow the intervertebral foramen and increase the chance of nerve root compression. 2, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, calcification chronic lumbar muscle strain can make ligamentum flavum hypertrophy > 1CM, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy between the vertebral plates can narrow the spinal canal and compress the dural sac, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in the joint capsule can compress the nerve root and produce signs similar to disc herniation. 3, degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis lumbar disc herniation or degeneration caused by the narrowing of the intervertebral space, fibular ring relaxation posterior protrusion, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, vertebral body posterior edge and intervertebral joint osteophytes can cause the spinal canal to become smaller, so that the original smaller spinal canal to produce narrowing, is secondary spinal stenosis. Long-term recurrent lumbar pain, soreness and sleepiness, followed by intermittent claudication. 4, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis disc herniation and degeneration can lead to lumbar instability and synovial osteoarthritis, both of which are the main causes of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, and all kinds of lumbar and leg symptoms can occur. 5, lumbar spine bone superfluous formation bone superfluous mostly occurs in the adjacent edge of the degenerated disc, the bone superfluous in the intervertebral foramen and the larger bone superfluous on the posterior longitudinal ligament can compress the nerve root and appear as signs of lumbar disc herniation. 6, lumbar instability of the lumbar spine in the three joint complex of the lumbar spine in the posterior joint degeneration of the intervertebral disc, can lead to mutual influence, making the lumbar spine unstable, unable to maintain the stability of the spine, the vertebral body and synovial joints appear hyperplasia, and finally appear fibrous or bony ankylosis. Therefore, lumbar instability is a stage in the process of lumbar disc degeneration. 7, narrowing of the intervertebral disc in adults with the reduction of the water content of the nucleus pulposus, there can be limited narrowing of the disc height, which may accelerate its progress in the case of lumbar disc herniation, and the narrowing of the vertebral space can cause subluxation of the posterior joints and excessive displacement of the articular eminence, causing narrowing of the lateral saphenous fossa and intervertebral foramen, thus leading to the signs of lumbar disc herniation.