Urethral stricture is a common disease of the urological system, mostly seen in men. Clinically, there are commonly congenital urethral strictures such as congenital external urethral stenosis, urethral flap, seminiferous hypertrophy, and congenital narrowing of the urethral canal lumen. Inflammatory urethral strictures are often due to infection of the urethral canal lumen and injury; traumatic urethral strictures are mostly due to improper treatment at the initial stage of injury. The diagnosis of urethral stricture should be determined by medical history, symptoms, signs, urethral instrumentation and urethral cystography. Clinical manifestations The symptoms of urethral stricture may vary depending on its degree, extent and course of development, the main symptom being difficulty in urination. Initially, it is difficult to urinate, the duration of urination is prolonged, and the urine is bifurcated. Later, the urine line gradually becomes thinner, the projection becomes shorter or even dripping. When the contraction of the detrusor muscle cannot overcome the urethral resistance, the residual urine increases or even overflow incontinence or urinary retention. When urethral stricture is often accompanied by chronic urethritis, there is often a small amount of purulent discharge from the urethral orifice, mostly found in the morning, and the urethral orifice is closed by the discharge, called “morning drip”. The dilated urethra at the proximal end of the stricture is prone to recurrent urinary tract infections, periurethral abscesses, urethral fistula, prostatitis and epididymitis due to urine retention and complications of infection. Subsequently, the obstruction causes pelvic ureteral effusion and recurrent urinary tract infections that eventually lead to renal hypofunction and even uremia. Treatment measures Non-surgical treatment: Non-surgical treatment relies mainly on urethral dilation, and even after surgical treatment cases should be dilated regularly to prevent restenosis. Surgical treatment: Patients with urethral strictures that fail non-surgical treatment can be treated with appropriate surgical options. There are many surgical treatment options, the choice of which depends on the experience of the surgeon, the condition of the patient’s stricture and the medical conditions available. The surgical methods are about 1) external urethrotomy; 2) internal urethrotomy; 3) resection and reanastomosis of the urethral stricture; 4) urethrotomy of the stricture; 5) urethroplasty; 6) diversion of the urinary stream. Urethral stricture surgery is a more difficult surgery. Preoperative preparation must be adequate, the surgical plan must be precise and individually designed, and regular dilatation must follow the prevention to achieve good results. Complications such as reoccurrence of stricture, urethral fistula formation, impotence, and urinary incontinence are more common after surgery.