Elevated hemoglobin can be caused by physiological factors as well as by disease, and therefore needs to be treated differently. Some normal people, such as highlanders themselves, may have hemoglobins higher than the normal range, but then there are no clinical symptoms, due to the long-term environment, and do not need to be treated. If hemoglobin is significantly elevated, it may also be caused by true erythrocytosis, severe dehydration, congenital heart disease, or pulmonary heart disease. The treatment is different for different causes. For example, the most common dehydration should be supplemented with different fluids according to the type of dehydration, and the amount of rehydration should be decided according to the patient’s body weight and clinical symptoms. And true erythrocytosis can not be cured clinically at present, and can only be treated symptomatically with drugs. Once a congenital heart disease is detected, it requires timely surgery or intervention. Therefore, in some cases, hemoglobin can be normalized after treatment, while in others, hemoglobin cannot be completely normalized after treatment.