An allergic reaction is an immune response to an external substance that enters the body and is a normal organism reaction. Some people can develop allergic symptoms due to abnormal immune system reactions. A variety of substances can cause allergies, and allergic symptoms caused by drugs are called drug allergic reactions. In recent years, the incidence of allergic reactions induced by anesthetic drugs has increased year by year due to environmental factors that have led to a significant increase in exposure to synthetic chemicals, as well as the increasing variety of synthetic drugs and the increasing complexity of perioperative medication. In mild cases, only minor allergic symptoms such as skin flushing, rash and edema are manifested, while in severe cases, bronchospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia and even shock can occur, endangering the patient’s life. There are two necessary factors for drug allergy to occur: allergy and drug exposure. Allergic constitution is determined by genetic factors, and such people are prone to allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, eczema, etc. With the current medical level, there is no direct way to change allergic constitution. Drug exposure refers to exposure to allergenic drugs, that is, drugs that can cause allergic reactions. In other words, not all drugs can cause allergic reactions in people with allergies, and as long as there is no exposure to allergenic drugs, no allergic reactions will occur. Therefore, for patients who have had perioperative allergic reactions, timely and accurate identification of the triggering drug and avoidance of reapplication may prevent the reoccurrence of allergic reactions. The exact risk factors for the occurrence of perioperative allergic reactions are: past allergic reactions related to anesthetic drugs; combined immune system-specific diseases (e.g., mastocytosis, chronic urticaria-angioedema, etc.); and allergy to toothpaste, chemical detergents, shampoos, and cough suppressants. Patients with these conditions should be vigilant and, if surgery is needed, visit the hospital to find the allergenic drug. Since a variety of drugs are routinely applied during anesthesia, mainly including sedatives, analgesics, muscle relaxants, local anesthetics, etc., and antimicrobials and blood products are also often applied, it is difficult to quickly and directly determine the drug that induced the allergic reaction once it occurs. Therefore, systematic allergen diagnosis is needed after surgery to find out the real triggering drugs and effectively avoid serious allergic reactions due to re-exposure. Because the vast majority of surgeries require anesthesia, and surgery is very difficult to avoid in one’s lifetime. At present, the Department of Anesthesiology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, in cooperation with the Department of Allergic Reactions, is the first and exclusive in China to carry out allergen diagnosis for patients with suspected severe allergic reactions in the perioperative period, to find the trigger drug for patients who have had severe allergic reactions during surgery, and to find safe alternative anesthetic drugs. At present, many patients have been examined and have successfully undergone anesthesia and surgery again. The occurrence of severe allergic reactions during the perioperative period poses a great challenge to the life safety of patients. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the increase of life expectancy, the chances of patients undergoing secondary or multiple surgeries have greatly increased, so we hope to draw the general attention of patients and seek timely medical treatment. Patients with suspected severe allergic reactions to anesthetic drugs can visit Prof. Jing Zhao’s clinic for consultation, or make an appointment in advance through the website.