There are many risk factors for diabetes, such as family history of diabetes, poor dietary habits, reduced physical activity, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, and mental stress, which may be associated with the development of diabetes. Actively controlling risk factors and developing a good lifestyle is the most effective way to prevent diabetes.
How to control diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is not curable and therefore diabetes requires continuous medical care. The goal of diabetes treatment is to prevent acute complications and reduce the risk of chronic complications by correcting poor lifestyle and metabolic disorders in people with diabetes.
Effective control of diabetes requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. The so-called “comprehensive” treatment encompasses two levels: diabetes treatment includes diet control, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, diabetes self-management education and medication; while diabetes is primarily diagnosed based on hyperglycemia, for most patients with type 2 diabetes, it is often accompanied by other components of the “metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome”, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, etc. Therefore, the treatment of diabetes should include the comprehensive treatment of lowering sugar, lowering blood pressure, regulating lipids and changing bad habits.
How to prevent diabetes?
The public can prevent diabetes by adopting an active and healthy lifestyle and try to do the following to prevent diabetes.
1.Learn about diabetes prevention.
2.Maintain a healthy weight.
3.Establishing a healthy lifestyle, which mainly includes a reasonable diet and increased exercise.
4.Preventing and delaying the onset of diabetes through a reasonable diet, increased exercise and early intervention for impaired glucose regulation.
5.If you have symptoms such as excessive drinking, polyphagia, polyuria as well as weight loss, itchy skin and blurred vision, you should take the initiative to go to the hospital for blood glucose examination to detect diabetes as early as possible.
How to avoid gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a disease that occurs specifically during pregnancy. Some patients’ blood sugar will slowly return to normal after delivery, but patients with gestational diabetes have a greater chance of developing diabetes later than normal. Obesity, family history, and other risk factors can increase the prevalence of gestational diabetes. To prevent the occurrence of gestational diabetes, it is important to increase exercise during pregnancy, avoid over-nutrition, eat appropriately, control weight, and actively monitor blood glucose.
Nutritional therapy for diabetic patients
Nutritional therapy is the basis of all diabetes treatment and is essential for the prevention and control of diabetes at any stage of the natural course of the disease. Nutritional therapy can adjust the nutrient structure of diabetic patients, facilitate blood glucose control, help maintain ideal body weight and prevent the occurrence of malnutrition.
Nutritional therapy should follow the following principles.
1.Rational control of total caloric energy, maintaining standard body weight, or slightly below standard body weight.
2, carbohydrates should not be controlled too strictly, generally accounting for 50-65% of the total caloric energy, and advocate the use of coarse grains instead of refined grains. Choose foods with a low glycemic index, such as oatmeal, buckwheat noodles, oat noodles, corn flour, two-component noodles (corn flour, soy flour), three-component noodles (wheat flour, soy flour, corn flour), etc.
3, reduce fat intake and control cholesterol, fat accounts for 20-30% of total caloric energy, reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids. The intake of cholesterol <300mg/d.
4.Protein accounts for 15-20% of total caloric energy, or 1~1.2g/kg/d intake for adults.
5.Supplementation of suitable minerals
① Supplementation of chromium is beneficial to the recovery of pancreatic islet function. Foods with high chromium content include yeast, beef, mushrooms, beer, etc.
②Zinc has the role of stabilizing the structure of insulin and is related to the biological activity of insulin, attention should be paid to zinc supplementation.
③Increase the supply of potassium, magnesium and calcium appropriately.
④Limiting sodium can prevent and reduce complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and renal insufficiency; limiting sodium can also stabilize postprandial blood sugar.
6.Vitamins are closely related to diabetes, especially vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B12, vitamin A, etc.; vitamin deficiency is also related to the occurrence of certain complications, which should be paid attention to. If necessary, vitamin preparations can be supplemented.
7, dietary fiber has the effect of lowering blood sugar and improving glucose tolerance, as well as lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, lowering cholesterol and preventing constipation. Daily intake of 20~35g.