Concept: Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are a group of lymphatic tissues, similar to the tonsils of the palate, attached to the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. Adenoid hypertrophy in children is often physiological, as lymphoid tissue is present in the nasopharynx at birth and proliferates with age, reaching its maximum extent by the age of 6. Later, it gradually degenerates, but only if it affects general health or adjacent organs is it called adenoid hypertrophy. If the adenoids become enlarged and inflamed during childhood by infection, they may also become permanently enlarged. Causes: Children are prone to acute rhinitis, acute tonsillitis and influenza, if recurrent, adenoids can rapidly increase hypertrophy, resulting in increased nasal obstruction, obstructing nasal drainage, rhinitis sinusitis secretions and stimulate the adenoids to continue to proliferate, forming a vicious circle of mutual cause and effect. Most often seen in children, often in combination with chronic tonsillitis. Clinical manifestations: Local symptoms: Children with adenoid hypertrophy blocking the posterior nostrils and pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube, otorhinopharyngeal and other symptoms can occur. The symptoms include open mouth breathing during sleep, snoring with the back of the tongue, restless sleep at night, nasal secretion, occlusive nasal sound and slurred voice during speech. As a result of long-term open-mouth breathing, the facial bone development is impaired, the maxilla becomes longer, the hard palate is high arched, the teeth are uneven, the upper incisors are exposed, the lips are thick, the face lacks expression, and there is dementia, forming an “adenoid face”. The ataxic movement between swallowing and breathing is dysfunctional, and choking and coughing often occur. The downward flow of secretions stimulates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and makes it easy to suffer from bronchitis. The obstruction of the eustachian tube may cause non-suppurative otitis media, resulting in hearing loss and tympanic membrane invagination.