Nutrition during pregnancy is the basis for the normal growth of the fetal baby. In addition to meeting her own metabolic needs, the nutrients consumed by pregnant mothers are also transferred to the fetal baby through the placenta to supply it with growth and development. Compared to women of the same age who are not pregnant and mothers in the early stages of pregnancy, we naturally need more nutritional intake in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. The nutritional needs of the middle and late pregnancy are much greater than those of the pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy. In the middle and late pregnancy, we need to pay more attention to the intake of vitamin B1, B2, A and C than in the early pregnancy. The growth and development of the fetal baby gradually accelerates, and the development of the reproductive organs of the pregnant mother also accelerates accordingly, so the intake of food should be increased reasonably because of the increased need for nutrition. Second, the current situation: serious nutritional deficiency in the middle and late pregnancy 1, the majority of pregnant mothers vitamin deficiency; 2, the phenomenon of nutritional deficiency in the middle and late pregnancy further aggravated, calcium intake deficiency to the late pregnancy up to 97%, 100% iron intake deficiency in the middle pregnancy, still up to 87.4% in the late pregnancy. Third, the possible effects of nutritional imbalance during pregnancy 1, nutritional deficiencies lead to: habitual abortion, fetal malformations, fetal growth restriction, premature birth, stillbirth, iron deficiency anemia, hypoproteinemia, postpartum lactation deficiency, postpartum hemorrhage, birth defects, low birth weight children, mental retardation and so on. 2.Overnutrition leads to: maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertensive disease, obstructed labor, giant baby, distant metabolic syndrome, etc. 4, common nutrient deficiency-related problems 1, protein deficiency: premature birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight children, adult centripetal obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases increased risk, etc. 2, vitamin deficiency: stillbirth, miscarriage, malformation of fetal brain and neural tube development, megaloblastic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, premature birth, etc. 3, iodine deficiency: mental retardation, unresponsiveness, congenital cretinism, preterm birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, placental abruption, etc. 4, calcium deficiency: decreased bone density, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, premature birth, risk of allergy to milk protein after the child is born. 5, iron deficiency: hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy heart disease, puerperal infections, postpartum hemorrhage, heart failure, premature birth, risk of low birth weight of offspring and the occurrence of cognitive impairment in childhood. 6. Micronutrient deficiency: fetal malformation, mental retardation, FGR, premature rupture of fetal membranes, etc. V. Dietary principles in the middle and late pregnancy 1. Increase the daily calorie intake by about 300 kcal in the middle of pregnancy compared with the pre-pregnancy period. 2.In late pregnancy, increase the calorie intake by 450 kcal per day compared with pre-pregnancy. 3.Carbohydrates are the main food for supplying calories, a normal daily staple food can meet the needs, which is about 0.25-0.35 kg. 4.Pregnant mothers can add meals appropriately outside the normal three meals. Not being hungry, not holding up and having reasonable weight gain is the best standard of dietary intake. 5, good appetite, strong absorption capacity of pregnant mothers, it is recommended that each meal 70% full, a small amount of snacks or milk when you feel hungry between the three meals, 6, the daily intake of the three major nutrients, the recommended protein to provide energy accounted for about 15%, 20%-30% lipids, 55%-60% carbohydrates. 7, the middle and late pregnancy compared to the pre-pregnancy, respectively, increase the daily intake of 15g and 30g of protein, that is, the daily protein intake should reach 70g and 85g. (Insufficient intake will affect the brain development of the fetal baby). 8, the amount of cooking oil and salt at any time do not need to increase. 9, try to eat less high sugar and high fat food to reduce the burden on the body’s metabolism during pregnancy and reduce the adverse effects of gestational diabetes and hyperlipidemia and other pregnancy complications. 10, vitamins, minerals and trace elements intake is very important, if you want to save time and balanced recommended to take maternal multivitamins (such as “Aloever”), 11, Chinese people’s dietary habits lead to calcium intake is far from the standard, the middle and late pregnancy should be routine calcium supplements, recommended: mid-pregnancy calcium intake 1000mg/day; late pregnancy calcium intake 1500mg/day. Similarly, the intake of iron also needs additional supplementation, and the supplementation dose depends on the maternal examination. 12. Appropriate weight gain helps to obtain good pregnancy outcome! Frequency of weight monitoring during pregnancy: 1 time/month in early pregnancy 1 time/week in middle and late pregnancy 13. moderate exercise: 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity/day; moderate intensity physical activity: exercise intensity up to 60-70% of maximum heart rate; maximum heart rate = 220 – age. Appendix: the appropriate weight gain range during pregnancy Recommended weight gain during pregnancy for twin pregnancies: normal before pregnancy (16.7-24.3kg); overweight before pregnancy (13.9-22.5kg); obese before pregnancy (11.3-18.9kg); body mass index BMI = weight (kg)/height (m) 2 A pregnant mother’s mouth is related to two lives, we should keep in mind that the focus of nutritional intake is balance We should keep in mind that the focus of nutritional intake is balance, adequacy and comprehensiveness. In addition, the law of conservation of energy in the universe is the unchanging truth, and “drinking water is fat” is the biggest fallacy under the sky. Finally, I wish every pregnant mother a good pregnancy!