OVERVIEW
Overview
Vibrio cholerae is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. It is characterized by rapid onset, rapid spread, and high morbidity and mortality. The disease is similar to cholera in that both are clinically characterized by severe vomiting and diarrhea, large amounts of rice-slop-like excretions, severe dehydration, muscle spasms, and peripheral circulatory failure, but Vibrio paraholera is generally less severe.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Infectious diseases, infectious diseases
Clinical symptoms
Diarrhea followed by vomiting, large bowel movements, thin or rice-slop or wash watery stools, thirst, irritability, and apathy.
Hazards
Patients may quickly become dehydrated, leading to electrolyte disorders, acidosis, and circulatory failure.
Complications
Dehydration, acidosis, circulatory failure, etc.
Examination
Blood routine, stool routine, blood gas analysis, smear test, serologic examination, brake test, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of medical history, typical symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, combined with blood routine, stool routine, blood gas analysis, smear examination, serological examination and brake test.
Treatment principle
Strict isolation, correction of acidosis, antimicrobial therapy, symptomatic treatment, such as rehydration, antidiarrhea, cooling, etc., in order to eliminate the causative organisms and prevent the development of the disease.
Curability
Symptoms can be improved by active treatment.
Dietary advice
Suspend the diet for severe diarrhea and vomiting, and give liquid diet when vomiting stops and diarrhea is relieved.
Etiology
Epidemiology
The onset of the disease is mostly in the summer and fall seasons, and it can occur throughout the year in endemic areas, mostly in coastal, river and water network areas.
Etiology
The disease is caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Transmission
Transmission through fecal-oral route.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Typical clinical symptoms include diarrhea followed by vomiting. Most patients do not have fever, and there is no obvious abdominal pain or acute or severe abdominal pain, and the number of bowel movements is often small. However, the patients excrete a large amount of feces, the feces at first is mud-like or dilute water-like, with fecal matter, and then quickly become rice slop-like or colorless water, wash water-like, without obvious fecal odor. Patients quickly develop dehydration electrolyte disorders, acidosis, and circulatory failure. It may show symptoms such as irritability, thirst, hoarseness, tinnitus, increased respiration, confusion, apathy, skin wrinkling, sunken eye sockets, deep cheeks, wet and cold extremities, and oliguria or anuria, etc. Muscle spasms, pain, hypotonia, tympanic bowel movements, and arrhythmia may also occur.
Other symptoms
Patients with atypical symptoms experience only mild discomfort, diarrhea several times a day, thin, fecal stools, and occasional nausea and vomiting. The diarrhea usually stops within 48 hours.
Diagnostic basis
1. summer and autumn, have been to the epidemic area, or have unclean food, raw water contact history. 2. poor personal hygiene. 3. vomiting and diarrhea, thirst, irritability and other typical symptoms. 4. blood gas analysis of carbon dioxide binding capacity is reduced. 5. smear examination can be seen in the arrangement of fish-like Vibrio cholerae. 6. serum agglutination test disease course of about 6 days, serum agglutination potency of 1:1,100 or more for the positive. 7. Positive brake test suggests Vibrio cholerae.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Strict isolation, correction of acidosis, antimicrobial therapy, symptomatic treatment, such as rehydration, antidiarrheal, cooling, etc., in order to eliminate the causative organisms and prevent the development of the disease.
Drug treatment
1. Antibacterial treatment: such as tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones. 2. Symptomatic treatment: stopping vomiting and diarrhea, and lowering the temperature for high fever.
Other treatments
Rehydration therapy, correction of metabolic acidosis, potassium supplementation, etc.
Prognosis
Prognosis can be improved by active treatment.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Bed rest, restrict activity, reduce physical exertion, and increase activity appropriately during the recovery period. 2. Avoid going to endemic areas as much as possible. 3. Maintain personal and environmental hygiene.
Dietary management
Those whose diarrhea is relieved can be given an easy-to-digest, warm, low-fat liquid diet. Do not drink raw water and do not eat unclean food.