There are three generations of insulin, the first is animal insulin, the second is human insulin, and the third is human insulin analog.
1. Animal insulin: the pancreas of pigs or cows is stirred up and added to acidic alcohol solution, then filtered out, then put into ammonia for crude extraction, and then refined, and finally generated insulin injection that can be injected.
2. Human insulin: The insulin gene is extracted from DNA to obtain the human insulin gene. Use cell engineering to extract plasmid from the cytoplasm of E. coli, introduce the target gene into the plasmid for genetic recombination, then introduce the recombinant plasmid into the recipient cells, and finally mass produce human insulin through the reproduction of E. coli.
3. Human insulin analogs: Using recombinant DNA technology, new insulin analogs are generated by modifying the amino acid sequence of human insulin. This analog can mimic the normal insulin secretion and action with similar biological effects as insulin, and is not easy to combine with insulin antibody, avoiding the antibody-induced insulin resistance, and is suitable for patients with various types of diabetes.
Patients who need to use insulin should apply it under the guidance of doctors and should not use it without authorization.