1, reduce sodium intake Sodium can significantly increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension, while potassium salt can counteract the effect of sodium on raising blood pressure. The sodium intake of all residents in China is significantly higher than the current WHO recommendation of less than 6 grams per day, while potassium intake is severely deficient, therefore, all hypertensive patients should take various measures to reduce sodium intake and increase potassium intake in food as much as possible. = Reduce the amount of cooking salt as much as possible, using a rationable salt spoon is recommended; = Reduce the amount of sodium-containing condiments such as MSG and soy sauce; = Eat less or no processed foods with high sodium content, such as pickles, ham, sausages and various types of fried foods; = Increase the intake of vegetables and fruits; = Use potassium-containing cooking salt for those with good kidney function. 2, control weight Overweight and obesity is one of the important reasons for the rise of blood pressure, and the central obesity with abdominal fat accumulation as a typical feature will further increase the risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, appropriate to reduce the elevated weight, reduce the body fat content, can significantly reduce blood pressure. The easiest and most commonly used physiological measures of overweight and obesity are body mass index [calculated as: weight (kg) ¸ height (m)²] and waist circumference. The former usually reflects the degree of general obesity, and the latter mainly reflects the degree of central obesity. The normal body mass index of adults is 18.5-23.9 kg/m², in 24-27.9 kg/m² is overweight, suggesting the need for weight control; BMI³28 kg/m² is obese, should reduce weight. Adults with normal waist circumference <90/85cm (male/female), such as waist circumference ³90/85cm (male/female), also suggest the need for weight control, such as waist circumference ³95/90cm (male/female), should also reduce weight. The most effective weight reduction measures are to control energy intake and increase physical activity. In terms of diet, we should follow the principle of a balanced diet, control the intake of high-calorie foods (high-fat foods, sugary drinks and alcohol, etc.), and appropriately control the amount of staple foods (carbohydrates). In terms of exercise, regular, moderate intensity aerobic exercise is an effective way to control weight. The rate of weight loss varies from person to person, and a weight loss of 0.5 to 1 kg per week is usually appropriate. For non-drug measures to reduce weight is not ideal for patients with severe obesity, should be under the guidance of a doctor, the use of weight loss drugs to control weight. 3, do not smoke Smoking is an unhealthy behavior, is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Passive smoking can also significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking can lead to endothelial damage and significantly increase the risk of atherosclerotic disease in patients with hypertension. The benefits of quitting smoking are very certain and can be beneficial at any age. Tobacco dependence is a chronic addictive disease that is not only difficult to quit, but also has a high relapse rate. Therefore, physicians should strongly advise and supervise patients with hypertension to quit smoking and encourage them to seek medication-assisted cessation (use of nicotine replacement, bupropion extended-release tablets, and varenicline), and should also follow up and monitor successful quitters to avoid relapse.