For a long time, the standard surgical treatment for breast cancer has been mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, and sometimes even removal of the pectoralis major and minor muscles. After surgery, the shape of the chest is severely disfigured and many patients have a “scrubby” appearance. The surgical removal of lymph nodes obstructs the normal lymphatic flow to the upper extremity, resulting in an imbalance between lymphatic flow and capillary filtration, causing fluid to accumulate in the interstitium. As a result, many patients have varying degrees of swelling and pain in the affected upper extremity, which seriously affects daily life and work, and reduces the quality of life. In recent years, the research on sentinel lymph nodes has brought good news to breast cancer patients. Sentinel lymph node is a special lymph node among the lymph nodes in the drainage area of breast cancer, and it is the first lymph node through which breast cancer must metastasize. If there is no metastasis in the sentinel lymph node, theoretically, there is little chance of metastasis in other lymph nodes. Patients with breast cancer without metastasis in the sentinel lymph node may not undergo axillary lymph node dissection, thus reducing the scope of surgery, reducing the trauma caused by surgery, and improving the quality of life of patients after surgery. Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer is a milestone in the field of breast surgery. Breast-conserving surgery is also safe and feasible as long as the indications are strictly controlled, the intraoperative margins are negative, and postoperative radiotherapy is provided. The majority of breast-conserving surgeries we have performed have achieved good curative and aesthetic results. For early-stage breast cancer, we use a comprehensive measure of conservative surgery with breast preservation, based on radiation therapy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy; for larger primary breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has increased the rate of surgical resection and the proportion of breast-conserving surgery. The technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy will change the history of routine axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer and make breast cancer surgery more rationalized.