The main tests for thalassemia are routine blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, tests for hemoglobin electrophoresis, and the thalassemia gene. 1. Routine blood tests are needed to determine the presence of microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2. Bone marrow aspiration may be performed to help rule out other diseases such as hematologic malignancies. 3. A red blood cell osmotic fragility test may be performed. An increased fragility on the red blood cell osmotic fragility test may indicate thalassemia. 4. Hemoglobin electrophoresis may be performed to measure the levels of different types of hemoglobin and compare them with normal values to detect differences. 5. Thalassemia gene testing can be performed to confirm the type of thalassemia. Specific diagnosis and treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a physician.