NRDS is an acronym for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, also known as neonatal pulmonary hyaline membrane disease, is a respiratory distress condition caused by inadequate production of surface active substances in the lungs of newborns. It is mainly seen in newborns born prematurely, but also in newborns delivered by cesarean section and those with severe hypoxic infections, and rarely in newborns with defects in the SP-A and SP-B genes. The main treatment is the administration of pulmonary surface active substance (PSAP), which is usually administered via tracheal intubation. Pulmonary surface active substances are more expensive and parents need to be psychologically prepared.