Nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma belong to two different pathological changes, which can only be clarified by biopsy histopathologic examination. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma originates from the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium, and squamous epithelial differentiation has been confirmed in light microscopy and ultrastructure, and the naked-eye morphology can be divided into nodular, cauliflower, ulcerative and submucosal infiltration types. Nasopharyngeal cancer may be accompanied by lymphoid hyperplasia in the nasopharynx, but the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer can be confirmed only when malignant epithelial cells are found in biopsy. In clinic, nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia is mostly inflammatory lesion, which is caused by bacterial, viral infection, long-term inflammatory stimulation, foreign body and other stimulating factors. When doctors suspect nasopharyngeal cancer, they will usually conduct CT or magnetic resonance examination for differentiation, and even do small biopsy surgery or pathology section locally for differentiation; it is suggested that patients should actively cooperate with doctors to conduct relevant examinations to make clear diagnosis, and do not make judgment on their own.