The spinal cord is located within the spinal canal and conforms to the curvature of the spine. The spinal cord, the low-level reflex center of the central nervous system, is located within the spinal canal and is a cylindrical structure that is slightly flattened anteriorly and posteriorly. It is divided into four segments: cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral. The upper end is connected to the medulla oblongata, the lower end is thinned and conical, and 31 pairs of spinal nerves emanate from both sides of the spinal cord and are distributed to the skin, muscles, and internal organs throughout the body. Under normal circumstances, the activities of the spinal cord are always under the control of the brain, and the spinal cord can receive various stimuli from the whole body and then pass them to the brain, with the functions of transmitting information, nerve reflexes, and motor regulation. When lumbar puncture is performed clinically, it is often chosen between the 3rd-4th or 4th-5th lumbar vertebrae to avoid injury to the spinal cord. Spinal cord injury can occur when the spine is traumatized, causing symptoms such as paralysis of the lower limbs and urinary and fecal incontinence in severe cases.