WHO estimates that rabies still kills about 59,000 people worldwide each year. Rabies viruses are globally distributed in terrestrial animals (mainly dogs), with only a few exceptions, including Antarctica, New Zealand, Japan, parts of Europe and some Caribbean islands. Rabies virus has been found in bats only in the New World. Most cases of rabies are caused by saliva exposure from animal bites. Very few cases result from non-bite exposures (e.g., salivary contact with open skin or mucous membranes) or from tissue/organ transplants from unrecognized rabies-infected individuals. Although laboratory studies have documented aerosol transmission of rabies, only four cases of aerosolized virus exposure have been documented in humans (two from explorers in the same cave and two from laboratory personnel exposed to live virus). In general, rabies cannot be effectively treated, so prevention should be the priority. The following measures should be taken immediately after being bitten by an animal: even if it stings, the wound should be washed with plenty of soap and water, and an antiseptic such as povidone-iodine may also be used. Contact a healthcare professional or go to the emergency department immediately. If bitten by an animal suspected of having the disease, you should be vaccinated against rabies.