Left heart and right atrial enlargement is mainly caused by hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid valve lesions and other factors, first of all, the cause should be clearly defined, etiologic treatment, mainly through the control of blood pressure, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet and other drug therapy, and if necessary, take surgical treatment. 1. Etiologic treatment of left atrial increase (1) Hypertension: left atrium enlargement caused by hypertension should take nifedipine extended-release tablets, irbesartan and other antihypertensive drugs according to the doctor’s instruction to slowly control the blood pressure within the safe range, in order to effectively prevent the left atrium from further expanding and aggravating the symptoms. (2) Rheumatic heart disease: patients with enlarged left atrium due to rheumatic heart disease should be given anti-inflammatory treatment in the acute stage, while those with chronic rheumatic heart disease with obvious symptoms should be given surgical treatments such as valve repair surgery and artificial valve replacement. (3) Other: patients with atrial hypertrophy caused by long-term ischemia of the heart should be given lipid-lowering and anti-platelet aggregation therapy in time to improve myocardial ischemia. 2. Treatment of the cause of right atrial hypertrophy (1) pulmonary arterial hypertension: cause right atrial enlargement, should promptly clarify the primary cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension, actively treat the primary cause of pulmonary disease, take drugs to reduce pulmonary artery pressure such as ipecacol, can effectively relieve pulmonary arterial hypertension, thus delaying the enlargement of right atrium. (2) Tricuspid valve lesion: the right atrium enlargement caused by diuretics can be applied to reduce the load on the heart, and antiarrhythmic drugs can be used to control the arrhythmia. Left heart and right atrial enlargement may also be caused by other reasons, the patient should go to the regular hospital specialist consultation, actively identify the cause of the disease, cause-specific treatment.