Thin basement membrane nephropathy generally has a good prognosis and glomerulosclerosis rarely occurs, but the glomerular basement membrane may become diffusely thin. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is also known as benign familial hematuria, with a positive family history. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is predominantly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but other modes of inheritance may also exist. The main clinical manifestation of thin basement membrane nephropathy is persistent microscopic hematuria. Pathologic light microscopic examination of most glomeruli, tubulointerstitial changes are not obvious, there is no diagnostic significance of pathological changes. Diffuse thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (≤250 nm) is seen on electron microscopy. If only hematuria is manifested, there is no combination of other diseases may not need to be treated for the time being, but need to regularly monitor the blood pressure, proteinuria changes and renal function abnormalities. If there is proteinuria, hypertension, renal insufficiency and other symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time, and follow the doctor’s instructions for symptomatic treatment.