According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, spring is the time when everything revives, characterized by growth and growth, and bacteria and viruses are also active. Therefore, spring is the season for various infectious and allergic diseases, such as eczema, allergic rhinitis, hand, foot and mouth disease, etc. 1, eczema Eczema occurs in the spring. The cause of eczema is complex, and babies with eczema are often born with allergies, which can cause the onset of the disease after being stimulated by some allergenic factors, called “milk ringworm” in Chinese medicine. The most common allergic factor in spring is that the baby inhaled pollen, dust or mites in the air, thus causing eczema. How to prevent: If there is a family history of allergic diseases, you should pay attention to the occurrence of eczema from the newborn period, such as: keep the room and the baby’s household items clean and dust-free; do not let the baby play in dusty places; avoid contact with dust, pollen and other allergic factors; do not use alkaline soap to wash the skin; use loose and breathable cotton clothing, avoid wearing wool or chemical fiber fabrics; prohibit the consumption of seafood. And to increase the boiling time of milk, etc. to avoid or reduce the occurrence or symptoms of eczema. 2, allergic rhinitis Allergic rhinitis with nasal itching, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing as the main symptoms, and pollen dispersal is closely related. The onset of the disease, along with the eyes, palate and ear itching symptoms are more severe, can gradually develop from the initial seasonal rhinitis to perennial rhinitis, if not treated in time, can also develop into asthma. How to prevent: The ideal way to prevent seasonal allergic rhinitis is to avoid contact with allergens such as dust, mites, fungi, animal fur and feathers. In addition to this, mothers should instruct their babies to wash their faces with cold water from an early age so that the skin is often stimulated to increase local blood circulation and keep the nasal passages ventilated; at the same time, exercise regularly to improve resistance, avoid long-term stimulation by dust and actively prevent and treat acute respiratory diseases. Once sick, use medicine under the guidance of a doctor, try to avoid eating sea fish, sea shrimp, river crab and other foods containing a lot of foreign body protein, eat a light and nutritious diet, eat more fresh vegetables and foods rich in vitamin C, do not eat or eat less greasy food, sweet food or sweet drinks, etc. 3, acute respiratory tract infections Spring is the season of acute respiratory tract infections in children, its morbidity and mortality rate are the forefront of childhood diseases, therefore, should be taken seriously. The survey results show that infants and children are the peak period for the onset of pediatric acute respiratory infections, which gradually decreases after the age of 5; boys are more likely to be infected with the disease than girls; areas with severe outdoor air pollution have a higher incidence than other areas; and overcrowded areas have a significantly higher mortality rate of pediatric pneumonia than non-crowded areas. In addition, the risk of acute respiratory infections in children in childcare institutions with poor sanitation facilities was significantly higher, especially the incidence of acute otitis media. Malnutrition and severe deficiency of certain nutrients (such as calcium and iron deficiency) significantly increase the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children, especially the mortality rate of pediatric pneumonia is significantly higher. How to prevent: First of all, pay attention to indoor ventilation, keep the air fresh, the room temperature should be maintained at 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, the relative humidity is maintained at 55% ~ 60%, avoid convective wind blowing directly to young children. Secondly, pay attention to bed rest for young children, give easy-to-digest, light food, such as milk, rice porridge, egg custard, green vegetable soup, eat more fruits and drink more water. Once again, feverish children should be given cold compresses on the head, or warm water baths, body temperature over 39 ℃, to give children to take antipyretic drugs, while drinking more water to make children sweat, to help reduce fever. Finally, we should closely observe the changes in the child’s condition and pay attention to whether the child has a skin rash, a seizure, or breathing difficulties. If the condition does not improve or worsen, go to the hospital in time. 4, hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus, mostly in infants and young children under 5 years old, incubation period is generally 2-7 days, most patients have mild symptoms, fever and rash or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts of the main features. Complications such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infections, pulmonary edema and myocarditis can occur in severely ill patients with HFMD. How to prevent and control: Parents should take their children to public places with fewer people to reduce the chance of being infected. If your child develops symptoms such as fever and rash, seek prompt medical attention. The key to preventing HFMD is to pay attention to the hygiene of the family and the surrounding environment, pay attention to personal hygiene, wash children’s hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals and after going out, do not drink raw water, do not eat raw and cold food, parents should wash their hands before touching children, after changing diapers or disposing of feces for young children, and properly dispose of the dirt, the living room should be ventilated frequently, and dry clothes and blankets. 5, influenza is usually presented as seasonal obvious characteristics, the southern part of China March-July is the peak season, the north is generally winter. Symptoms of influenza: sudden onset of fever within a short period of time, and the temperature is relatively high, usually 39 ℃ or even 40 ℃, fever repeatedly persists, there will be headaches, general weakness, joint and muscle pain and other symptoms. If the child can already express it, he or she will tell the adult that the throat is dry and painful. At a later stage, cough, runny nose and nasal congestion will appear. The disease progresses particularly quickly. Influenza can cause many complications, such as sinusitis, otitis media, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and in some children, encephalitis. Severe pneumonia can cause heart failure in children, and if the condition is serious, it can even lead to the death of infants and children. How to prevent and control: 1. Children who have the flu usually have a fever, and children with high fever should pay attention to wearing less clothes and less covers. Some families, especially if there are elderly people at home, usually object because they feel that children need to wear more when they are sick, and wearing too little will catch a cold and will easily cause pneumonia. In fact, infants and children are not very mature in the development of the thermoregulatory center, the function of heat dissipation is relatively poor, if you wear too much, poor heat dissipation, only more hot. Therefore, the fever must be dressed less, pay attention to the circulation of indoor air, so that it is conducive to the patient’s heat dissipation; 2. For children with the flu, the unobtrusive water loss increases than usual, this time to try to drink more water, you can also give some food richer in water. For small babies, drink more milk; 3. In terms of diet, it is recommended to give the child nutritious and easily digestible food, and at the same time, let the child rest more; 4. Children with fever need to monitor their body temperature regularly, and use antipyretic drugs when necessary. It should be noted that antipyretics can only improve the child’s discomfort and do not allow the child to truly reduce the fever. The child can only truly reduce the fever after the infection is well controlled and the condition improves. All the antipyretics we use are only to relieve the discomfort of the child due to fever. The most fundamental way to keep your child away from illness is to strengthen his or her body. Giving children a regular intake of nutritious food is the basic guarantee to improve the body’s resistance to disease.