Hiccups can be caused by physiological reasons such as cold and pathologic factors such as gastric ulcer and mediastinal lesions, which can be relieved by physical therapy such as local hot compresses and medications such as baclofen. Hiccups are the upward reversal of gastric gas caused by spasm of the diaphragm, which can be caused by overeating, consuming stimulating food such as spicy hot food, and may also be caused by intestinal obstruction, gastritis, brain tumor, pleurisy, myocardial infarction and other diseases. For hiccups with mild symptoms, the symptoms of hiccups can be improved by massaging the stomach and diaphragm, relaxing the abdominal muscles and slowing down the spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm; they can also be relieved by baclofen, chlorzoxazone, etiprone, etc., anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, valproate, phenobarbital and other sedative drugs such as chlorpromazine. Intractable hiccups that are ineffective with medication can be treated with surgical procedures such as phrenic nerve block, paracervical transverse process closure therapy, and extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacemaker to temporarily or permanently block the phrenic nerve. Medications should be taken under medical supervision.