Patients who have light chain M proteins in their blood are classified as having light chain myeloma.
Multiple myeloma is further categorized by the type of M protein in the blood. The types of M proteins in the blood can be categorized as IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, light chain, biclonal, and non-secretory. The light chain types can be further divided into κ and λ types.
Light-chain myeloma often suffers from renal insufficiency because light chains have small molecular weight and are easily deposited in the kidneys, leading to renal insufficiency or even renal failure. Through chemotherapy and other treatments, the tumor load is made to decrease and the renal insufficiency will improve.
For myeloma patients with light-chain type, it is necessary to strengthen hydration, alkalinization and diuretic therapy during the treatment process to promote the excretion of light chains from the urine, so as to avoid the deposition of light chains on the kidneys and aggravate renal insufficiency.