Carotid artery stenosis is a cerebrovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis and is a precursor to many cerebral infarction patients. According to authoritative statistics, more than 60% of cerebral infarctions are further caused by carotid stenosis, which is why carotid stenosis is also called the “number one killer” of people’s health in today’s society. Therefore, people need to further raise awareness of carotid artery stenosis, and the prevention and treatment of carotid artery stenosis should not be delayed. Many patients with carotid stenosis still have many misconceptions about the treatment of carotid artery bypass surgery. At present, the treatment of carotid stenosis in China is relatively limited, with only two types of treatment: medication and surgery, and medication is only effective for mild carotid stenosis, while moderate to severe carotid stenosis is ineffective and needs to be treated with the help of surgery. The common surgical procedures include stenting, carotid artery stripping, and carotid artery bypass grafting. Stenting surgery is relatively simple and less invasive, and requires years of medication after surgery, and there is a risk of restenosis, or recurrence, several years after stenting. With advances in medical technology, a more effective procedure for carotid artery stenosis has emerged, called carotid endarterectomy. The procedure is performed under a microscope to remove the diseased carotid artery lining and restore smoothness to the carotid artery lining. Carotid endarterectomy is a radical cure for carotid stenosis and is the preferred treatment option for carotid stenosis today. Carotid artery bypass grafting is performed as a last resort for patients with occluded carotid stenosis. The principle of the procedure is to reconstruct the blood vessels to circulate blood, but the procedure is more invasive and is generally not recommended.