Absolute contraindications to breast-conserving therapy: (1) Individuals who have received prior breast or chest wall radiotherapy to the ipsilateral breast. (2) Extensive lesions or confirmed multicentric lesions that make it difficult to achieve negative margins or ideal shape. (3) Tumors with positive margins after extensive local excision and who cannot be assured of negative pathologic margins after re-excision. (4) Patients who refuse to undergo breast-sparing surgery. (5) Inflammatory breast cancer. Relative contraindications to breast-conserving therapy: (1) Active connective tissue disease, especially scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus or collagen vascular disease, poor tolerance to radiotherapy. (2) Those with a tumor diameter greater than 5 cm. (3) Tumor located in the central region of the breast, Paget’s disease of the nipple.