The full Chinese name of sma is spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic disease that cannot be cured and can only be prevented through prenatal diagnosis. SMA is a genetic neuromuscular disease caused by a mutation in the motor neuron survival gene that results in a defective motor neuron survival gene protein, and is a subtype of motor neuron disease. The disease is currently incurable and is common in people with a family history of sma. Internationally, sma is categorized into four types: type I, type II, type III, and type IV. Children with type I seldom survive beyond two years of age, type II can generally survive to 10-20 years of age, type III has a relatively good prognosis and can survive to middle age with normal intelligence, and type IV is mostly seen in adults and does not affect life expectancy. Patients with sma often exhibit hypotonia, which can be treated with medication and surgery to relieve symptoms. Daily maintenance of good indoor air, attention to warmth, physical exercise as prescribed by the doctor to maintain muscle strength, and attention to regular review can improve the quality of life.