The development of anal fistula presents different clinical manifestations due to the complex anatomical structure around the anorectum, with local manifestations of repeated perianal ulceration and pus flow, pain, and strip-like masses seen on local examination. There are many clinical criteria for classifying anal fistulas, some are based on the shape of the fistula and some are based on pathological changes, but the most practical for clinical guidance and surgical treatment, according to Mr. An, is the standard developed by the National Conference of Anal Surgery in 1975, which is based on the relationship between the fistula and the sphincter, with the deep outer sphincter as the line marker, and the fistula below this line is low A fistula below this line is considered a low-grade fistula, while a fistula above this line is considered a high-grade fistula. Anal fistula is a common anorectal disease that occurs mostly in young adults, mostly in men. Traditional surgery for high anal fistulas is a long term treatment with threads, which results in heavy postoperative pain and scarring, and many patients are left with sequelae of poor anal closure. My supervisor, Prof. Ah Yue An, believes that although the fistula travels deeper than the external sphincter, most of the fistulas are still located in the anal gland at the dentate line, and due to the infection of the anal gland, most of the fistulas above the internal opening are blind, and at the same time, due to the repeated attacks of anal fistula, the inflammatory infiltrative scar is formed and the rectal ring of the anal canal is fixed with the surrounding tissues. At the same time, Mr. An pointed out that the indications for incisional fistulae should be strictly controlled, and this procedure requires that the anorectal ring be fixed with the surrounding tissues, the patient’s disease duration is more than half a year, and the anorectal ring is hard and high in tension on finger palpation during local examination. In addition, the anesthesia should be moderate, so that the patient’s anal sphincter can maintain the appropriate contraction force, which is more conducive to grasp the contraction of the anorectal ring and ensure the safety of the operation. The fistula can be fully opened and the function of the anal rectum can be protected. She has a good understanding of the anatomy around the anorectum and can determine the relationship between the fistula and the sphincter, the location of the internal opening, and the height of the fistula with a simple finger examination. The combination of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature and advantage of the Department of Anorectal Medicine. In terms of fistula treatment, Prof. Ah Yue An believes that high anal fistulas have a long duration and the disease has a local impact on the anorectum, while some patients have poor rest and diet due to the long-term plight of the disease, so Chinese medicine identifies the evidence as a combination of deficiency and actuality. Therefore, post-operative treatment with Chinese herbal medicine can be applied to clear damp-heat and tonify qi and blood, such as local application of drugs to clear heat and detoxify dampness and drain pus, and taking Chinese herbal medicine to tonify qi and blood, or applying drugs to clear dampness and drain pus when there are more secretions on the wound surface, and applying drugs to tonify qi and blood after secretions are reduced. The external medicine, An’s anal fumigant treatment, clearing heat, detoxifying and promoting dampness and drainage of pus, should be supplemented with Wu Wei Disinfectant Drink, and the traumatic secretions should be supplemented with Job’s Tears, Horsetail, and Fructus, etc. If the traumatic surface of the patient is dull in color and slow in growth, Angelica and Astragalus can be added as appropriate. The medicine should not be too dry and nourishing, so as to avoid heat and dampness.