What is blood in stool? Any blood passing through the anus, blood in the stool, or all bloody stool; bright red, dark red or tarry in color is called blood in stool. Blood in the stool is usually seen in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in the colon and rectum, but occasionally in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The color of the blood in the stool depends on the location of the GI bleeding, the amount of bleeding, and the amount of time the blood stays in the intestines. Blood in stool accompanied by bleeding from skin, mucous membranes or other organs is often seen in hematologic and other systemic diseases, such as leukemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. What are the causes of blood in stool? Causes of blood in stool include systemic diseases and digestive diseases, which include upper and lower digestive diseases. First, systemic diseases 1, blood system diseases: such as primary or secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, aplastic anemia, hemophilia and diffuse intravascular coagulation caused by various reasons. 2.Vitamin deficiencies: vitamin K, vitamin C deficiency, etc. 3.Acute infectious diseases: epidemic hemorrhagic fever, fulminant hepatitis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, typhus, paracholera, bacillary dysentery, leptospirosis, neonatal septicemia and so on. 4, parasitic diseases: hookworm, schistosomiasis, scrub typhus and amoebic dysentery. 5, food allergies: such as milk protein allergy. 6.Poisoning: plant poisoning, chemical poisons, uremia, etc. 7, connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and polyarteritis nodosa. 8, adverse drug reactions: the most common for painkillers, such as aspirin, indomethacin (anti-inflammatory pain), piroxicam (inflammation pain Xikang), ibuprofen and so on. Second, the upper gastrointestinal diseases 1, esophageal diseases: esophageal varices rupture bleeding, esophagitis, esophageal cancer. 2, gastro-duodenal, biliary tract diseases: gastro-duodenal ulcer, acute gastritis, biliary tract bleeding, tumor bleeding, etc.. Diseases of lower gastrointestinal tract 1, anal diseases: hemorrhoids, anal fissure, anal fistula and so on. 2, rectal diseases: rectal inflammation (ulcerative colitis, radiation proctitis, etc.), rectal tumors (cancer, carcinoid tumors, papillary adenoma, polyps, etc.), rectal injuries (foreign bodies, puncture wounds, hard fecal matter abrasion, instruments and biopsy injuries, etc.). 3, colon disease: infection and parasites (bacillary dysentery, amoebic enteropathy, schistosomiasis, etc.), inflammation (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, radiation colitis, colonic diverticulitis and diverticular ulcers, etc.), tumors (colorectal cancer, malignant lymphoma, smooth muscle tumor, fibrosarcoma, etc.). 4, small bowel disease: infection (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, etc.), inflammation (acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis and diverticular ulcer), tumor (malignant lymphoma, carcinoma, smooth muscle sarcoma, hemangioma, etc.). Cause blood in the stool of the top ten diseases 1, hemorrhoids or anal fissure, anal fistula: blood color is generally bright red, and does not mix with feces, and does not contain mucus, the performance of the stool drops of blood, especially in the hard stool is more likely to occur. 2, bacillary dysentery: stools are often pus and blood, not much each time, often accompanied by a sense of urgency; chronic for intermittent episodes of mucus, pus and blood stools. 3, amoebic dysentery: stools are jam-like, or dark red, the amount of more, often accompanied by purulent mucus, the patient has fever, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and acute and severe manifestations. 4, schistosomiasis: there is a history of contact with infected water, often manifested as chronic diarrhea, stool pus and blood or stool with blood. 5, ulcerative colitis: episodes of abdominal pain, diarrhea, often accompanied by acute and severe. Stools are usually mucus, pus and blood, and in severe cases, they can be bloody and watery. 6, intussusception: discharge of mucus blood stool, often without stool. Rectal cancer: If there is chronic diarrhea or recurrent mucus, pus and blood stools, accompanied by acute and heavy stools, and the general anti-inflammatory treatment is ineffective, then rectal cancer should be considered as a possible cause. Colorectal cancer: If the stool becomes thin and there is mucus, pus and blood in the feces, the possibility of colorectal cancer should be suspected, but a few patients can only show fixed abdominal pain. Rectal and colonic polyps: when there are polyps in rectum, sigmoid colon or descending colon, fresh blood is attached to the stool, and the blood is not mixed with stool as its characteristic. 10.Gastric cancer, gastric and duodenal ulcer, acute erosive gastritis, etc., all or part of the feces are tarry. How to identify it quickly? Blood in stool will generally be divided into three forms: blood in stool, or all bloody stool, the color is bright red, dark red or tar-like. These three color patterns are called the “three primary colors of blood in stool – black, dark and red”. First, tarry stool (black) to appear in the upper gastrointestinal tract – the stomach and duodenum near. The reason why it is called “tarry stool” is because after bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract or small intestine, the red blood cells are destroyed and the hemoglobin combines with sulfide to form ferrous sulfide, which makes the feces black, sometimes with mucus and shiny, similar to tar. If the bleeding volume is more than 60ml, black stools will appear. 1.Persistent pain+vomiting blood+black stool=gastric cancer A few patients with early gastric cancer have nausea, vomiting or upper gastrointestinal symptoms similar to ulcer disease. Pain and weight loss are the most common clinical symptoms of advanced gastric cancer. Patients often have clear upper gastrointestinal symptoms, such as epigastric discomfort, fullness and bloating after eating, epigastric pain worsens as the disease progresses, loss of appetite and fatigue. Patients with advanced gastric cancer often have anemia, emaciation, malnutrition and even cachexia. Periodic epigastric pain + black stool = gastric ulcer Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disease, and epigastric pain is its main symptom. The pain is mostly located in the upper abdomen, but can also appear in the left upper abdomen or sternum, after the sword. It is often vague, dull, distending or burning pain. The pain of gastric ulcer is mostly relieved gradually after 1 to 2 hours after a meal, until the next meal is eaten and then the above rhythm recurs. Some patients may be asymptomatic or have complications such as bleeding, black stools, gastric perforation as the first symptom. 3, vomiting blood + black stool = acute erosive gastritis Acute erosive gastritis has an acute onset and may lead to sudden upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Manifested as vomiting blood and black stools, black stools alone are relatively rare. Bleeding is often intermittent. Heavy bleeding can cause fainting or shock and anemia. Bleeding will also have epigastric pain and discomfort or tenderness. 4, epigastric pain + hunger pain + black stool = duodenal ulcer manifested as epigastric pain, can be dull pain, burning pain, swelling pain or severe pain, can also be manifested only in the hunger pain discomfort. Typically, it is mild or moderate subxiphoid persistent pain. Bleeding, perforation, pyloric obstruction and other complications can occur, and if bleeding occurs, it will cause black stool. Second, pus and blood stools (dark) Dark stools are pus and blood stools, meaning that there is both pus and blood in the discharged feces, and the blood is thinner in appearance and sometimes contains a lot of mucus. Dark stools or blood stools containing mucus are often seen in tumors and inflammation in the rectum or colon, such as: 1. Persistent difficulty in defecation + heaviness after rush + constipation/diarrhea + dark stools = Rectal cancer Most of the early stage rectal cancers are asymptomatic, but with the growth of colorectal cancers, to a certain extent, there will be changes in defecation habits, blood stools, pus-blood stools, heaviness after rush and constipation and diarrhea, and other problems. In the late stage, rectal cancer will make the stool gradually thin, and in the late stage, there will be obstruction of defecation, emaciation and even malignant disease. 2.Jammy style+difficulty in defecation+dark stool=colon cancer Divided into left and right colon cancer, colon cancer patients’ early manifestation is abdominal distension, indigestion, and then there are changes in defecation habit, abdominal pain before defecation, and mucus stool or mucus-purulent blood stool a little later. After tumor ulceration, blood loss and toxin absorption, toxic symptoms such as anemia, low fever, fatigue, emaciation and edema often appear. 3.Pain + Rash + Diarrhea + Vomiting + Dark Stool = Ulcerative Colitis The initial manifestation of ulcerative colitis can take many forms. Bloody diarrhea is the most common early symptom. Other symptoms in order of prevalence are abdominal pain, blood in the stool, weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting. Occasionally, the main manifestations are arthritis, iridocyclitis, liver dysfunction, and skin lesions. Fever, on the other hand, is a relatively uncommon symptom, and in most patients the disease presents as chronic, with an acute, catastrophic fulminant course in a few patients. These patients present with frequent bloody feces, up to 30 times a day with high fever and abdominal pain. 4, diarrhea + abdominal pain + dark stool = multiple intestinal polyps multiple intestinal polyps, also known as familial adenomatous polyposis, multiple polyps are mostly related to genetic, dietary, inflammatory stimuli, and early symptoms are not obvious. Common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood in stool. Blood in the stool often persists and is accompanied by malignant changes in later stages. If secondary infection, the above symptoms are aggravated, stools are thin, soft, smelly, with foam, sometimes with mucus, pus and blood. There is also constipation with a sense of urgency and heaviness. In addition, if the tumor is located in the lower end of rectum, it can be detached from the anus after stool, showing dark red, papillary swelling. Third, blood stool (red) red stool is blood stool, red stool is mostly acute bleeding, blood out of the blood vessels outside a short time through the anus with the fecal discharge, or directly out of the stool. The appearance of the blood is similar to that of traumatic bleeding, and the color is bright red or purplish red or dark red, which can be solidified into blood clots after a short period of time. Fresh blood stools usually come from anorectal disorders such as: 1. Splattering/dripping + painless + bright red = hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are the most common disease in anorectal medicine. Different stages of internal and external hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids can cause bleeding in the stool, usually with fresh blood attached to the feces or dripping blood after stool, and in severe cases, spattering blood may occur. It should be noted that external hemorrhoids generally do not have bleeding in the stool. 2, painless + blood and feces do not mix + bright red = rectal polyps Rectal low polyps typical symptoms of painless bleeding in the stool. Bleeding during defecation, stop after the end of defecation, the amount varies, usually blood does not mix with feces. Of course, if the polyps are high in location and large in number, sometimes the blood is mixed with feces. 3.Wiping / dripping + pain during defecation + bright red = anal fissure Manifestation of anal pain during defecation, which lasts for some time after defecation. It is accompanied by blood in the stool, which is attached to one side of the stool surface and does not mix with the stool, and some patients have blood dripping or wiping after defecation. 4, swelling + feeling of falling + constipation + bright red = rectal prolapse The main symptom of rectal prolapse is a swelling from the anus. With the prolapse aggravation, causing different degrees of anal incontinence, often with mucus outflow, resulting in perianal skin eczema, itching. Due to the difficulty of rectal evacuation, constipation often occurs, and the stools are more frequent and sheep-like. The mucous membrane is eroded, and when it breaks down, blood flows out. So is it enough to say that it is not enough to rely on the common features of the disease to identify it? Not really. No matter how obvious the symptoms may be, it is not right to rely on experience or words alone until the diagnosis is confirmed, and more attention should be paid to the specific qualities of the disease itself. The equals sign in the text is only for ease of expression, not absolute. Once you notice symptoms in your health, you should go to the hospital in a timely manner to identify the disease, so as to avoid delays.