The pyriform region is the location of the pyriform saddle and surrounding tissues in the center of the skull. The pterygoid region is approximately 5.5 square centimeters, and its major structures include the pterygoid saddle, pituitary gland, cavernous sinus, and perisylvian nerve. The pterygoid saddle is located in the middle center of the middle cranial fossa and above the pterygoid body, the pituitary gland is located below the thalamus, and the cavernous sinus is on either side of the pterygoid saddle and pituitary gland. The pterygoid region is a frequent site of disease due to the high number of important structures, such as pterygoid region occupations. Abnormalities in the pterygoid region can lead to visual disturbances, endocrine disorders, and so on. If the pterional region is occupied, the upward progression of the pterional region usually leads to compression of the optic nerve, causing vision loss or visual field defects, and in severe cases, blindness. Downward progression of pterygoid region occupation will cause endocrine function disorders, and common diseases include decreased gonadal function, impotence and loss of libido in male patients, and prolonged menstrual period or amenorrhea in female patients. Pterygoid region occupation can generally be treated by way of gamma knife. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to the regulation and control of blood sugar. For lesions in the pterygoid region, one should go to the neurosurgery department and follow the doctor’s instructions according to the examination results.