Overview
Anal fistula is the abbreviation of anorectal fistula, is the anal canal or peritoneal folding back below the rectum and the skin around the anus connected granulomatous tube, is a common anal disease. Most of the anal fistula originates from perianal rectal septic infection, a few for tuberculosis or anal canal trauma infection and so on, anal fistula patients can be cured through surgical treatment most, at the same time do a good job of care is to ensure that the patient’s early recovery is an important part.
Main nursing problems
1. Pain.
2. Skin damage.
3. Potential complications, bleeding, infection and so on.
Nursing Measures
1.Psychological care
After the patients are admitted to the hospital, they will inevitably be nervous and worried about the surgical treatment. Nursing staff should take the initiative to communicate with the patients and their families, explain the relevant knowledge of the surgical treatment to ease their fear and nervousness, so as to make them set up the confidence of overcoming the disease and positively cooperate with the treatment.
2. Preoperative preparation
Before surgery, patients are asked about their medical history in detail, and a comprehensive and detailed examination is carried out. A small amount of liquid food can be eaten to avoid stomach discomfort or vomiting during the operation. Prepare the skin and clean the enema until the stool is drained. The patient is instructed to drink little water and urinate before surgery. Sedation and skin test can be given 30 minutes before surgery.3. Pain careAssist the patient to take a reasonable and comfortable lying position, do not squeeze the wound. Take methods to distract the patient’s attention, such as listening to music or watching TV to relieve pain. Patients who are more sensitive to pain should apply analgesics early and observe the efficacy and adverse reactions.
4. Skin care
Change the medicine once a day as prescribed by the doctor, pay attention to the observation of the wound, and instruct the patient to take a sitz bath after bowel movement until the wound is completely healed. Advise patients to avoid scratching with nails when itching occurs.
5. Defecation care
Avoid defecation within 24 hours after surgery to prevent wound irritation. The first bowel movement is usually 48 to 72 hours after surgery. Ask the patient to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, drink more water, and develop the habit of regular defecation. When constipation occurs, oral laxatives can be taken.
6. Bleeding care
After surgery, closely observe the condition of incision dressing, if there is ooze and seepage, the dressing should be changed in time. If there is fresh blood coming out of the anal canal or oozing out, it means that there may be an active bleeding point, so it should be reported to the doctor in time and effective measures should be taken accordingly.
7. Dietary care
On the day of surgery and the first 2 days after the operation, enter a semi-fluid and less residue diet to minimize bowel movement. 3 days after the operation, patients can be put on a general diet, patients are advised to eat foods rich in fiber, avoid spicy, fried foods, and keep the bowel movement smooth.
Health Advocacy
1. Participate in appropriate physical exercise, such as walking, playing tai chi, etc., and avoid sitting and standing for a long time.
2. Pay attention to nutrition and eat reasonably.
3. Keep bowel movement smooth and develop the habit of regular defecation.
4. Maintain perianal cleanliness and hygiene, take baths and change underwear frequently, and take a sitz bath with warm water before going to bed or after defecation every day.