The length of life after thyroidectomy depends on the nature of the condition and the timing of treatment, ranging from a few years to a few years without affecting life expectancy. Clinically, thyroidectomy can be used to treat many conditions, such as benign nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma, and malignant thyroid cancer. The length of life after thyroidectomy is not generalizable. Removal of the thyroid gland for benign diseases does not usually affect life expectancy. For malignant thyroid disease, the survival rate after thyroidectomy depends mainly on the type and condition of the disease. If the lesion is mild and the patient undergoes surgery at an early stage, the prognosis is generally fair and does not affect life expectancy; however, if pancystic metastasis has already occurred at the time of treatment, even surgical removal can lead to a severe shortening of the patient’s survival. In addition, patients are advised to pay attention to regular rechecking of thyroid function after surgery and to maintain an optimistic attitude towards life.