Cochlear implants have been used for the treatment of severe or profound sensorineural deafness for 40 to 50 years, and have been performed in China for more than 20 years. Currently, cochlear implants are recognized as the most effective treatment for severe or profound sensorineural deafness and are one of the most successful programs in bionic medicine. With the continuous research on auditory implant medicine and the in-depth understanding of the law of auditory-speech development, cochlear implant medicine currently has the following major clinical development trends in China. 1. Highly specialized and team-oriented path of cochlear implantation 2. Bilateral cochlear implantation Audiological research proves that binaural listening has the following advantages: binaural listening can improve hearing by 5-10dB, better localization of sound sources and perception of stereo sound; improve speech recognition in noisy environments; better auditory memory with binaural listening than monaural, especially short-term memory; improve patients’ communication and social skills in daily life. It also improves the communication and social skills of the patient in daily life. Many studies have shown that unilateral cochlear implant recipients require more attention and integration of sensory systems when listening, and that bilaterally deaf patients benefit more from bilateral cochlear implants than from unilateral implants. Bilateral cochlear implants have been tried since 1988, and in the late 1990s, the primary goal of bilateral cochlear implants shifted to the desire to provide binaural gain, improve speech comprehension in noisy environments, and obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio. More recently, there has been a mainstream trend toward bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation, replacing the previous bilateral implantation of sequential cochlear implants. Many studies have concluded that the benefit of bilateral cochlear implants for patients is “to ensure optimal hearing performance after implantation”. By eliminating the cephalic shadow effect, the binaural sum effect, the binaural squelch effect, the binaural time difference and the energy spectrum difference, bilateral implants allow the listener to accurately determine the location of the sound source, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of speech sounds, enhance speech comprehension in noisy environments, and avoid the hearing deprivation effects of unilateral cochlear implants. Bilateral implants stimulate the development of the central nervous system more quickly than unilateral implants, establishing the advantages of binaural listening. Studies have also shown that early bilateral cochlear implantation has a better effect on the development of the auditory system and related systems. Early cochlear implantation refers to the early implantation of cochlear implants for deaf patients who are suitable for cochlear implants. From the earliest days when cochlear implants were used only for adults, to children over 6 years old, to children over 2 years old, to the generally accepted implantation for children over 1 year old, developed medical countries and regions such as Europe are now pushing the age of implantation one step further by introducing the concept of early implantation, i.e. 6-12 months of age. Studies have found that newborns begin to communicate with the outside world as soon as they are born, promoting the development of auditory-verbal functions through constant listening. The critical period for auditory and speech development is between birth and 3 years of age. During this period, the auditory cortex of the brain develops rapidly and auditory functions are gradually improved, allowing them to recognize different sounds and learn to speak by imitating the sounds they hear. If there is a lack of auditory stimulation at this time due to deafness, the development of the auditory cortex of the brain will be affected. Therefore, children with prelingual deafness should have cochlear implants as early as possible to receive adequate sound stimulation during the critical period of speech development and to achieve auditory and speech rehabilitation so that they can catch up with their hearing peers in all aspects of life and learning. A growing number of studies have shown that children with early cochlear implants achieve faster open speech perception, and the longer the implantation period, the more pronounced the advantages of early implantation. Of course, early implantation requires a higher level of skill related to pediatric surgery and must be performed with the help of a hospital and surgeon who has specialized experience in pediatric anesthesia and pediatric surgery. It is due to the improved clinical surgical techniques and the good results obtained with early implantation that the concept of early implantation is now becoming more and more accepted. In patients with post-lingual deafness, the concept of early implantation means that cochlear implantation is performed as soon as possible after the loss of hearing. If sound stimulation is lost for a long period of time, the auditory speech center will gradually degenerate, resulting in dull speech comprehension and slurred speech. Early cochlear implantation can maintain the function of their auditory center and facilitate auditory rehabilitation and speech comprehension.