People understand that diabetes and hypertension are chronic diseases that require long-term medication, but they do not know much about the concept that asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that also requires long-term anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic treatment with medication. In clinical practice, we often encounter some patients with recurrent acute attacks of asthma, who go to the emergency room when the attack occurs and use high doses of hormones and aminophylline to get the symptoms under control, but when the symptoms are relieved that is, the treatment is stopped, and not long after, he goes to the emergency room for another acute attack, and the reason for this is that his poorly controlled asthma is caused by his incorrect treatment. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease, and chronic inflammation persists throughout the course of the disease; therefore, asthma requires long-term anti-inflammatory therapy to prevent acute asthma attacks, improve the patient’s quality of life, and prevent changes in airway structure. The onset of asthma is like a huge iceberg, and the symptoms of asthma are only the tip of the iceberg exposed to the sea. Treatment of asthma should not only target the tip of the iceberg, but should treat the whole iceberg, including asthma symptoms, abnormal lung function, chronic inflammation of the airways, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. The goals of asthma treatment are to control asthma symptoms, improve lung function, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, and prevent airway remodeling. Because of this characteristic of asthma, the Global Initiative for Asthma Control (GINA) in 2006 proposed that the goal of asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain asthma control, which should meet the following six indicators: 1. no (or ≤2 times/week) daytime symptoms; 2. no limitation of daily activities (including exercise); 3. no nighttime symptoms or awakening due to asthma; 4. no (or ≤2 times/week) need to receive relief 5. normal or near-normal lung function; 6. no acute exacerbation of asthma. Asthma treatment drugs are divided into two categories, one is control drugs, which need to be used daily for a long time to maintain clinical control and prevent acute attacks, mainly inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS), long-acting β2 agonists (LABA), the combination of inhaled ICS + LABA, leukotriene modulators, slow-release theophylline, etc.; the other category is relief drugs, which are used to rapidly relieve asthma symptoms, mainly fast-acting β2 agonists, systemic glucocorticoids, etc. For patients with asthma who have not been formally treated in the past and have severe symptoms at the time of initial diagnosis, they should be directly treated with Level 3 medications, which is recommended by GINA 2006 as ICS+LABA. Asthma education and environmental control to avoid exposure to allergens should be provided to all patients, and all should be treated with rapid-acting β2 agonists as needed for rapid symptom relief. Results from the GOLD study, a global multicenter clinical trial, showed that the combination of ICS+LABA therapy resulted in clinical control as defined by the guidelines in approximately 80% of patients with asthma. Asthma treatment with the goal of “achieving and maintaining clinical control of asthma” is a continuous cycle that includes assessing the level of asthma control, treating to achieve asthma control, and monitoring to maintain asthma control. If clinical control is not achieved at that level of therapy, escalation is given, and when asthma control is achieved, continuous monitoring is necessary to maintain asthma control and to establish the lowest level and minimum dose of therapy in order to minimize cost and ensure safety. Discontinuation of therapy should be considered only when the patient maintains asthma control after more than 1 year of maintenance treatment with the least controlling medication. Therefore, the treatment of asthma is a long-term process, and it is important to maintain asthma control with appropriate controller medications during the treatment process to prevent acute asthma attacks.