Psychiatric disorders in the elderly include: pre-existing psychiatric disorders; new disorders associated with the specific stresses and circumstances of old age, such as residence and bereavement, loneliness, and frailty; and psychiatric disorders due to physiological changes in aging previously accompanied by neurological and systemic disorders with psychiatric complications. In the case of psychiatric disorders, the incidence of certain disorders increases with age. For example, 5% of people over 65 years of age suffer from moderate to severe dementia, while the prevalence of those over 85 years of age exceeds 30%. And among Alzheimer’s dementias, vascular dementia ranks second, after Alzheimer’s type dementia. Most scholars believe that the etiology of vascular dementia is the result of brain tissue blood supply disorders caused by cerebrovascular lesions (including hemorrhagic and ischemic), leading to brain function decline. Its clinical manifestations include: early symptoms, symptoms of limited neurology and dementia symptoms. Early symptoms: The incubation period is long, and it is generally not easy to be detected and paid attention to in the early stage. The symptoms are mainly emotional instability and various somatic symptoms, i.e., cerebral decompensation syndrome. Restricted neurological symptoms and signs: dysarthria, dysphagia, central facial muscle palsy, different degrees of hemiparesis, aphasia, dyscognition, seizures and urinary incontinence. Different sites of cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction produce different symptoms of limitations. Dementia: Memory loss and intellectual decline, but self-care ability of daily life, understanding, judgment and manners and habits of hospitality and handling of things remain good for a longer period of time, and personality also remains better, so it is called limited dementia or cavernous dementia. The progression of the disease process shows obvious gradations and fluctuations, and sometimes a longer period is in the stable stage of the disease, and some patients still have some improvement in dementia and memory. During the course of dementia, a significant proportion of patients develop abnormalities in perception, mood, thinking and behavioral activities, such as hallucinations, delusions, emotional indifference, anxiety and depression, wandering, agitation, complaining, etc. The incidence of dementia can be 70%-90%. The incidence of these symptoms can reach 70-90%, and this group of symptoms is the psycho-behavioral symptoms of dementia. The presence of these symptoms seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their caregivers and often requires psychiatric treatment and management. Because the onset of vascular dementia is rapid, it is too late to treat it until the onset, so early detection is very important. Here is a hippocampus test designed by Tetsuyori Yamashima of Japan as a pre-test for vascular dementia. 1.What day of the week and what month is it today? 2.What dishes did you eat for breakfast (or dinner)? 3. Read out the following five numbers: “5 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 2”. Then go backwards and read them again. 4. What is one hundred minus seven? And then subtract seven? 5, please repeat the following three phrases: “red roses”, “white rabbits” and “black crows”. Then read them from the back. 6.Put out five items (such as abacus, pen, scissors, etc.), show them to the person first, then put them away and ask the person to name the items. 7.Put out the following five cards: ○, △, ×, □, 10, please remember them and then write them down. 8.After chatting for two or three minutes, ask for the three phrases: “red rose”, “white rabbit” and “black raven”. 9. Ask again what are the five items you just put out? 10.Please write the marks on the five cards once again. Each of the above questions answered correctly scored one point, no points for wrong answers. The scoring criteria are as follows: 0–5 points indicates that the person has vascular dementia; 6–8 points indicates that there is the possibility of vascular dementia; 9–10 points indicates that the intelligence is normal.