Microwave ablation of tumor is to apply high frequency electromagnetic wave of microwave to human tumor tissues, which makes the tumor tissues absorb a large amount of microwave energy and produce a large amount of heat rapidly. When the temperature rises above 60℃, the protein of tumor cells denatures and coagulates, leading to irreversible necrosis and complete inactivation of tumor. Microwave ablation has the characteristics of rapid temperature rise, high intra-tumor temperature, short time consumption, little influence by carbonated blood flow, and not affected by impedance, etc. It has been rapidly developed in the clinical treatment of solid tumors. Microwave ablation has the following advantages: 1. minimally invasive, less damage to patients, fast recovery; 2. safe, no toxic side effects of radiotherapy, no damage to immune system; 3. exact effect, direct ablation and inactivation of tumor cells; 4. cold circulation microwave knife can be performed alone or combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, interventional or surgical therapy; 5. especially suitable for middle and late stage, incapable of open surgery, postoperative recurrence or metastatic tumors; 6. The treatment effect of primary small liver cancer is similar to that of surgery; 7. Microwave ablation has a wide range of clinical applications and can be used for the treatment of solid tumors such as liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bone and soft tissue tumors, and uterine fibroids; it can be widely combined with other interventional minimally invasive treatments, such as transhepatic artery embolization chemotherapy (TACE) will help strengthen the effective control of microwave ablation for liver cancer and expand its indications. At present, microwave ablation therapy for tumors is developing rapidly all over the world, and as a humanized and individualized treatment, it is another effective tumor treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With the continuous development of imaging equipment and microwave technology, microwave ablation can not only effectively treat some early-stage tumors, but also effectively reduce the load of advanced solid tumors, improve patients’ quality of life and prolong their survival, providing a broad prospect for long-term tumor survival or even cure.