Health care before and during pregnancy is an important measure to reduce maternal mortality and birth defects. Specific measures are as follows: pre-pregnancy: 1, assessment of pre-pregnancy high-risk factors; 3 months before pregnancy to start taking folic acid to prevent fetal neural tube malformation. 2, physical examination: (1) general examination: including measuring blood pressure, weight, height, etc., (2) routine gynecological examination. 3, auxiliary examination: mandatory items: including the following items: (1) blood routine; (2) urine routine; (3) blood type (ABO and Rh); (4) liver function; (5) renal function; (6) fasting glucose; (7) HBsAg (8) syphilis spirochetes; (9) HIV screening; (10) cervical cytology (1 year without checking). Preparatory tests: including the following (1) Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus (TORCH) Screening. (2) Cervico-vaginal discharge test (routine vaginal discharge, gonococcus, chlamydia trachomatis). (3) Thyroid function test. (4) Thalassemia screening. (5) 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; for high-risk women). (6) Lipid screening. (7) Gynecologic ultrasonography. (8) Electrocardiogram. (9) Chest X-ray examination. Pregnancy health care: the number of prenatal checkups and pregnancy weeks: 6-13 +6 weeks, 14-19 +6 weeks, every four weeks after 20 weeks, and once a week from 36 weeks. For those with high risk factors, increase the frequency as appropriate. First prenatal examination: 1. Health education and guidance: (1) Awareness and prevention of miscarriage. (2) Nutrition and lifestyle guidance (hygiene, sex life, sports exercise, travel, work). (3) Continue to supplement folic acid 0.4-0.8mg/d until the 3rd month of pregnancy. (4) Avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances (e.g. radiation, high temperature, lead, mercury, benzene, arsenic, pesticides, etc.) and avoid close contact with pets. (5) Use drugs with caution. (6) If necessary, vaccinate against tetanus or influenza during pregnancy. (7) Change bad habits (e.g. smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, etc.) and lifestyles; avoid high-intensity work, high-noise environments and domestic violence. (8) Maintaining mental health, relieving mental stress, and preventing the occurrence of psychological problems during pregnancy and after delivery. 2. Routine health care: (1) Establish a pregnancy health care manual. (2) Project the expected date of labor. (3) Evaluate high-risk factors during pregnancy. (4) Physical examination. Including measurement of blood pressure, body mass, and calculation of BMI; routine gynecological examination (for those who have not done so in the first 3 months of pregnancy); fetal heart rate measurement (using Doppler auscultation, around 12 weeks of pregnancy). 3.Assistant examination Compulsory examination: (1) blood routine; (2) urine routine; (3) blood type (ABO and Rh); (4) liver function; (5) renal function; (6) fasting glucose; (7) HBsAg; (8) syphilis spirochetes; (9) HIV screening. (Note: items that have been checked in the first 6 months of pregnancy can be exempted) Preparatory examination: Hepatitis C, anti-D titer test (RH-negative), serum ferritin (hemoglobin less than 105g/L), gonococcus and Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical secretion (both infected and symptomatic), BV test for vaginismus, thyroid function, thalassemia (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, etc.), OGTT (only for high-risk women). (only for high-risk women), lipids, ECG, ultrasound, early pregnancy screening for Down’s syndrome, chorionic villus biopsy (10-12 weeks, high-risk patients), TCT (pre-pregnancy unauthorized). Prenatal examination at 14-19 weeks of gestation +6: Hemoglobin <105g/L, serum ferritin <12ug/L, iron supplementation 60-100mg/d. (6) Start calcium supplementation, 600mg/d. Mid-trimester screening for Down's syndrome screening, amniocentesis to check for fetal chromosomal abnormalities, if necessary Prenatal examination at 20-24 weeks of gestation: Health education and guidance: (1) Recognition and prevention of preterm delivery Health education and guidance: (1) Awareness and prevention of preterm labor. (2) Nutrition and lifestyle guidance. (3) Significance of fetal systematic ultrasound screening. Required items: (1) Fetal systematic ultrasound screening (18-24 weeks of gestation) to screen for serious malformations of the fetus. (2) Routine blood and urine. Prenatal examination at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy: Health education and guidance: (1) Recognition and prevention of preterm labor. (2) Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening. Required items: (1) GDM screening. First, 50g glucose screening (GCT), if blood glucose ≥7.2mmol/L, ≤11.1mmol/L, then 75g OGTT; if ≥11.1mmol/L, then fasting blood glucose is measured. (2) Urine routine. Antenatal examination at 33-36 weeks of gestation: Health education and guidance: (1) Lifestyle guidance before delivery. (2) Knowledge related to labor and delivery (symptoms of approaching labor, guidance on delivery mode, labor analgesia). (3) Newborn disease screening. (4) Prevention of depression. Required tests: urine routine. Prenatal checkup at 37-41 weeks of pregnancy: Health education and guidance: (1) Knowledge related to labor (symptoms of labor, guidance on delivery methods, labor analgesia). (2) Guidance on newborn immunization. (3) Guidance on the puerperium. (4) Monitoring of intrauterine conditions of the fetus. (5) Hospitalization and induction of labor if pregnancy is ≥41 weeks. Required items: (1) Ultrasonography: assessment of fetal size, amniotic fluid volume, placental maturity, fetal position, and the ratio of peak systolic to end-diastolic flow rate of the umbilical artery (S/D value). (2) NST examination (weekly).